Research has shown that faces and voices shape impression formation. Most studies have examined either the impact of faces and voices in isolation or the relative contribution of each source when presented simultaneously. However, only a few studies have questioned whether and how impressions formed via one source can be updated due to incremental information gathered from the alternative source. Yet, cross-modal impression updating is key to shed light on person perception. Thus, we tested whether positive and negative face- and voice-based impressions could be updated by inconsistent cross-modal information. In Experiment 1 (N = 130), we tested whether face-based impressions could be updated by (in)consistent voices. In Experiment 2 (N = 262), we compared face-to-voice and voice-to-face impression updating. In Experiment 3 (N = 242), we favoured a more direct comparison of the two types of stimuli (i.e., the co-occurrence of both cue types when the new information is revealed). Results showed that voices have the greatest updating impact and that the updating effect of faces was halved when voices co-occurred for a second time. We discussed these results as evidence of the dynamical evolution of cross-modal impressions.

中文翻译：

---

跨模态印象更新：从面部到语音的动态印象更新，反之亦然

研究表明，面孔和声音会影响印象的形成。大多数研究要么单独检查面部和声音的影响，要么检查同时呈现时每个来源的相对贡献。然而，只有少数研究质疑通过一个来源形成的印象是否以及如何由于从替代来源收集的增量信息而更新。然而，跨模态印象更新是阐明人感知的关键。因此，我们测试了基于面部和语音的正面和负面印象是否可以通过不一致的跨模态信息进行更新。在实验 1（N  = 130）中，我们测试了基于面部的印象是否可以通过（不）一致的声音进行更新。在实验 2 ( N = 262），我们比较了面对面和语音对面对面的印象更新。在实验 3 ( N  = 242) 中，我们倾向于对两种类型的刺激进行更直接的比较（即，当新信息显示时两种提示类型同时出现）。结果表明，语音的更新影响最大，当第二次语音同时出现时，人脸的更新效果减半。我们将这些结果作为跨模态印象动态演变的证据进行了讨论。