Beginning with a historical overview of the construction of whiteness, we identify gaps in extant scholarship and provide conceptual, contextual, and methodological considerations for confronting whiteness by advancing critical white ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) research. First, we consider the mutually influential developmental processes of ERS experiences and the iterative nature of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) formation among white children and youth. Second, we address how methodological approaches such as person-centered analysis (PCA) can yield nuanced insight into white ERS processes by helping identify varying developmental pathways that promote antiracist identity development. Third, we highlight the role of online spaces as a formative ecological context through which white children and youth experience ERS processes and the broader societal implications afforded by this context for their ERI development. We conclude with scholarly and practice implications for promoting and supporting antiracist efforts to resist broad-based historical and current white supremacy.

中文翻译：

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面对白人：推进种族-种族社会化研究以阐明白人身份发展的概念、背景和方法论考虑

从对白人建构的历史概述开始，我们确定了现存学术的空白，并通过推进批判性白人种族社会化 (ERS) 研究来提供应对白人的概念、背景和方法论考虑。首先，我们考虑了 ERS ​​经历的相互影响的发展过程以及白人儿童和青少年中种族-种族认同 (ERI) 形成的迭代性质。其次，我们通过帮助识别促进反种族主义身份发展的不同发展途径来解决诸如以人为中心的分析 (PCA) 等方法论方法如何对白人 ERS ​​过程产生细致入微的洞察。第三，我们强调在线空间作为一种形成性生态环境的作用，白人儿童和青少年通过这些环境体验 ERS ​​过程，以及这种环境对他们的 ERI 发展提供的更广泛的社会影响。我们总结了学术和实践对促进和支持反种族主义努力以抵制广泛的历史和当前白人至上主义的影响。