OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex health problem in military veterans and service members (V/SM) that often co-occurs with psychological and medical conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep apnea. We aimed to examine if sleep apnea is associated with the presence and severity of PTSD in V/SM with TBI of all severities. RESEARCH METHOD The study examined participants at varying times since their TBI (N = 602) enrolled in the Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems database. Frequency of self-reported sleep apnea diagnosis was calculated in a cross-sectional sample. Prevalence of co-occurring sleep apnea and probable PTSD was tested with a chi-square analysis. A multivariable regression model evaluated the association between sleep apnea and PTSD symptom severity while controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Almost 32% of the sample stated they had been diagnosed with sleep apnea. In those reporting sleep apnea, 32% also had probable PTSD; 19% of those without sleep apnea had probable PTSD. The regression demonstrated sleep apnea was significantly associated with PTSD symptom severity (p < .001). Greater number of TBIs, recent mental health treatment, being deployed to a combat zone, and greater years since TBI were also significant predictors of PTSD symptom severity (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS TBI, PTSD, and sleep apnea are often comorbid in V/SM. We expand the literature by demonstrating that sleep apnea was associated with PTSD severity. A multipronged approach to TBI rehabilitation that addresses sleep and psychological distress is recommended for enhancing health outcomes in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后的睡眠呼吸暂停和创伤后压力：退伍军人事务部 TBI 模型系统研究。

目的 外伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 是退伍军人和现役军人 (V/SM) 的一个复杂健康问题，通常与心理和医疗状况同时发生，例如创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 和睡眠呼吸暂停。我们旨在检查睡眠呼吸暂停是否与所有严重程度 TBI 的 V/SM 中 PTSD 的存在和严重程度相关。研究方法 自他们的 TBI（N = 602）加入退伍军人事务部 TBI 模型系统数据库以来，该研究在不同时间检查了参与者。在横断面样本中计算了自我报告的睡眠呼吸暂停诊断的频率。使用卡方分析测试同时发生的睡眠呼吸暂停和可能的 PTSD 的患病率。多变量回归模型评估了睡眠呼吸暂停和 PTSD 症状严重程度之间的关联，同时控制了相关协变量。结果 几乎 32% 的样本表示他们被诊断出患有睡眠呼吸暂停。在报告睡眠呼吸暂停的人中，32% 也可能患有 PTSD；19% 没有睡眠呼吸暂停的人可能患有 PTSD。回归表明睡眠呼吸暂停与 PTSD 症状严重程度显着相关 (p < .001)。更多的 TBI、最近的心理健康治疗、部署到战区以及 TBI 发生后的更长时间也是 PTSD 症状严重程度的重要预测因素（所有 p < .05）。结论 TBI、PTSD 和睡眠呼吸暂停通常在 V/SM 中并存。我们通过证明睡眠呼吸暂停与 PTSD 严重程度相关来扩展文献。建议采用多管齐下的 TBI 康复方法来解决睡眠和心理困扰，以提高该人群的健康结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，