OBJECTIVE Police officers initiate psychiatric holds following determination of suicide risk. Such referrals constitute direct decriminalization of mental illness at the single most efficient criminal justice system diversion point. However, system-level problems with this process highlight a need to further understand and improve this service connection juncture. The goal of the present study was to inform the development of a smartphone application designed to enhance police referrals of individuals experiencing suicide crises into treatment via culturally responsive structured professional judgment. HYPOTHESES Given the developmental and qualitative nature of this study, there were no formal hypotheses tested. Research questions included the following: Would police officers broadly endorse concerns about the care referral process? Would officers support the use of technology to assist with those concerns? And would officers raise concerns about the demands on time and expertise that would be placed on them to conduct thorough risk assessments? METHOD Researchers used community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods to obtain police stakeholder-driven data through four focus groups with 47 police officers (76.6% male, 59.6% White, with a mean of 10.7 years of police employment) sampled from patrol and hostage negotiation units. Participants shared information about specific problems arising in the process through which police refer people to medical care, and they gave feedback on the beta version of a culturally responsive mobile app designed to streamline officers' evidence-based and culturally informed determinations of suicide risk. RESULTS Results, qualitatively coded using grounded theory methodology, yielded key considerations for police use of culturally responsive apps to divert individuals in suicidal crisis into treatment, including the need to maintain a balance between risk assessment and communication, allow for variance in time constraints, allow for flexibility in response and report options, account for inaccurate reports of suicide risk factors, maximize utility of the app's risk report output, incorporate sensitivity around cultural questions, and consider officers' safety in their use of the app in the field. CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate a theoretically based (CBPR) approach to cross-disciplinary technology development to facilitate evidence-based assessments by law enforcement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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基于社区的警察参与式研究：开发技术增强的结构化自杀风险评估和通信智能手机应用程序。

目标 警察在确定自杀风险后启动精神病拘留。这种转介构成了在最有效的刑事司法系统转移点上对精神疾病的直接非刑事化。但是，此过程的系统级问题突出表明需要进一步了解和改进此服务连接节点。本研究的目的是为智能手机应用程序的开发提供信息，该应用程序旨在通过具有文化响应性的结构化专业判断来增强警方将经历自杀危机的个人转介到治疗中。假设鉴于本研究的发展和定性性质，没有测试正式的假设。研究问题包括：警察会广泛认可对护理转诊过程的担忧吗？官员们会支持使用技术来解决这些问题吗？官员们是否会对进行彻底风险评估所需的时间和专业知识提出担忧？方法 研究人员使用基于社区的参与式研究 (CBPR) 方法，通过四个焦点小组获得警察利益相关者驱动的数据，其中 47 名警察（76.6% 男性，59.6% 白人，平均 10.7 年警察工作年限）从巡逻和人质谈判单位。参与者分享了警方将人们转诊到医疗机构的过程中出现的具体问题的信息，并就旨在简化警官的文化响应移动应用程序的测试版提供了反馈。以证据为基础和文化知情的自杀风险确定。结果 使用扎根理论方法对结果进行定性编码，为警方使用文化响应应用程序将处于自杀危机中的个人转移到治疗中产生了关键考虑因素，包括需要在风险评估和沟通之间保持平衡，允许时间限制的变化，允许为了灵活地响应和报告选项，考虑自杀风险因素的不准确报告，最大限度地利用应用程序的风险报告输出，结合文化问题的敏感性，并考虑官员在现场使用应用程序时的安全性。结论 结果说明了一种基于理论的 (CBPR) 跨学科技术开发方法，以促进执法部门的循证评估。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。