ABSTRACT

We describe two new species in the genus Gobiomorphus, a radiation of fresh and brackish water gudgeons known from Australia and New Zealand. These species are a prominent component of New Zealand’s freshwater ichthyofauna and most are widely distributed throughout both the North and South Islands. Two of the inland species, G. breviceps and G. basalis, are composed of disjunct northern and southern populations that are distinguishable with molecular data. We examine individuals from across the ranges of both species, identify morphological differences between them, and describe two new species: Gobiomorphus dinae n. sp. (distinct from G. basalis) and Gobiomorphus mataraerore n. sp. (distinct from G. breviceps). Although the species are similar, they vary in dorsal spine count (G. dinae) and pectoral fin ray count (G. mataraerore). We provide mitochondrial COI sequences for each species pair to facilitate identifications by DNA barcoding. These species represent examples of divergence in allopatry, with diagnostic characters arising over the last 2−5 million years in the G. breviceps/G. mataraerore pair, and fewer than 2 million years in the G. basalis/G. dinae pair. We also designate a lectotype for G. basalis (the paralectotype is G. cotidianus) in order to clarify confusion surrounding the original syntypes.

摘要

我们描述了Gobiomorphus属中的两个新物种，这是一种来自澳大利亚和新西兰的淡水和咸淡水鱼。这些物种是新西兰淡水鱼群的重要组成部分，大多数广泛分布于北岛和南岛。两个内陆物种，G. breviceps和G. basalis，由分离的北部和南部种群组成，可通过分子数据区分。我们检查了两个物种范围内的个体，确定了它们之间的形态差异，并描述了两个新物种：Gobiomorphus dinae n。sp。（不同于G. basalis）和Gobiomorphus mataraerore n. sp。（不同于G. breviceps）。尽管这些物种相似，但它们的背棘数 ( G. dinae ) 和胸鳍鳍条数 ( G. mataraerore ) 不同。我们为每个物种对提供线粒体 COI 序列，以方便通过 DNA 条形码进行识别。这些物种代表了异域分布的例子，在过去 2-5 百万年的G. breviceps/G. 中出现了诊断特征。mataraerore对，在 G. basalis/G. 中不到 200 万年。狄娜对。我们还指定了G. basalis的选型（副选型是G. cotidianus) 以澄清围绕原始同型的混淆。