The objectives were to analyze the effects of housing cow–calf pairs in drylots (DL) or pasture (PAST) on cow performance and reproduction as well as calf performance and behavior through feedlot receiving. Simmental × Angus (2 yr; 108/yr; 81 ± 15.3 d postpartum) spring-calving cows were stratified by age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf sex and allotted to six groups per year. Groups were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: DL or PAST. Cows in DL were limit-fed at maintenance and calves had ad libitum access to the cow diet in an adjacent pen. Pairs on PAST were rotationally grazed and calves received creep ad libitum 3 wk prior to weaning. On day 110, calves were fence-line weaned and behavior was observed on days 111 and 112. On day 116, calves were transported 272 km to a feedlot for a 42-d receiving period. Behavior was evaluated again on days 117 and 118. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS except reproductive data which was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure. Cows on DL had greater (P ≤ 0.01) BW and BCS at weaning. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.42) detected in reproductive data. Cows on DL had greater (P = 0.02) milk production. Calves on DL had greater BW (P ≤ 0.01) on day 55 and at weaning and greater preweaning average daily gain (ADG). There were treatment × time effects (P = 0.01) for lying and eating on days 111 and 112. More DL calves were eating in the morning and lying in the evening. More (P < 0.01) PAST calves were walking on day 111. Pasture calves vocalized more (P ≤ 0.01) on day 112. On day 117, more (P ≤ 0.05) pasture calves were lying and eating, and DL vocalized more. On day 118, treatment × time and treatment effects were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for lying and walking. More PAST calves were lying and more DL calves were walking. Drylot calves had greater (P ≤ 0.02) BW at the beginning and end of the receiving phase. Pasture calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and tended (P = 0.10) to have greater gain efficiency during feedlot receiving phase. In conclusion, housing cow–calf pairs in drylots improved BW, BCS, and milk production of cows but did not affect reproductive performance. Drylot calves had increased BW and ADG during the preweaning phase. Calf behavior at weaning and receiving was influenced by preweaning housing. Pasture calves had improved receiving phase ADG and feed efficiency but were still lighter than drylot calves after 42-d receiving phase.

中文翻译：

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中西部旱地或牧场饲养的肉牛-小牛对通过饲养场接收对生产参数和小牛行为的影响


目的是分析在旱地 (DL) 或牧场 (PAST) 饲养母牛和犊牛对对奶牛生产性能和繁殖以及通过饲养场接收的犊牛生产性能和行为的影响。将西门塔尔 × 安格斯（2 岁；108 头/年；产后 81 ± 15.3 天）春季产犊奶牛按年龄、体重 (BW)、身体状况评分 (BCS) 和犊牛性别进行分层，每年分配到六组。各组被随机分配接受两种治疗之一：DL 或 PAST。 DL 中的奶牛在维护时受到限制饲喂，小牛可以随意获取相邻围栏中的奶牛饮食。 PAST 上的成对轮流放牧，小牛在断奶前 3 周自由采食。第 110 天，对犊牛进行围栏断奶，并在第 111 和 112 天观察其行为。第 116 天，将犊牛运至 272 公里外的饲养场，进行 42 天的接收期。在第117天和第118天再次评估行为。使用SAS的MIXED程序分析数据，除了使用GLIMMIX程序分析生殖数据。 DL 奶牛在断奶时体重和 BCS 更高 (P ≤ 0.01)。生殖数据没有检测到差异（P≥0.42）。 DL 奶牛的产奶量更高 (P = 0.02)。 DL 犊牛在第 55 天和断奶时体重增加 (P ≤ 0.01)，断奶前平均日增重 (ADG) 也更大。第 111 天和第 112 天的躺卧和进食存在处理 × 时间效应 (P = 0.01)。更多 DL 犊牛早上进食，晚上躺卧。第 111 天，更多 (P < 0.01) 的过去犊牛行走。第 112 天，牧场犊牛发声更多 (P ≤ 0.01)。第 117 天，更多 (P ≤ 0.05) 牧场犊牛躺卧和进食，DL 发声更多。第118天，检测治疗×时间及卧位、行走治疗效果（P≤0.02）。 更多的 PAST 犊牛在躺着，更多的 DL 犊牛在行走。旱地犊牛在接收阶段开始和结束时具有更大的体重 (P ≤ 0.02)。牧场犊牛的日增重较高 (P < 0.01)，并且在饲养场接收阶段往往具有较高的增益效率 (P = 0.10)。总之，在旱地饲养母牛和小牛对可以改善奶牛的体重、BCS 和产奶量，但不会影响繁殖性能。断奶前阶段，干产犊牛的体重和日增重有所增加。犊牛断奶和接收时的行为受到断奶前饲养环境的影响。牧场犊牛在接收阶段的日增重和饲料效率有所改善，但在 42 天接收阶段后仍然比旱地犊牛轻。