A growing body of evidence indicates that patients with cancer who receive cytotoxic treatments (such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy) have an increased risk of accelerated physical and cognitive ageing. Furthermore, accelerated biological ageing is a suspected driving force behind many of these observed effects. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of biological ageing and how they apply to patients with cancer. We highlight the important role of specific behavioural factors, namely stress, sleep and lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity, weight management, diet and substance use, in the accelerated ageing of patients with cancer and cancer survivors. We also present a framework of how modifiable behaviours could operate to either increase the risk of accelerated ageing, provide protection, or promote resilience at both the biological level and in terms of patient-reported outcomes.

越来越多的证据表明，接受细胞毒性治疗（例如化疗或放疗）的癌症患者身体和认知老化加速的风险增加。此外，加速的生物衰老可能是许多观察到的影响背后的驱动力。在这篇综述中，我们描述了生物衰老的机制以及它们如何应用于癌症患者。我们强调特定行为因素，即压力、睡眠和生活方式相关因素，如体力活动、体重管理、饮食和物质使用，在癌症患者和癌症幸存者加速衰老中的重要作用。我们还提出了一个框架，说明可改变的行为如何在生物学层面和患者报告的结果方面增加加速衰老的风险、提供保护或提高复原力。