ABSTRACT

Objective

: A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that psychotherapy is more effective when therapists tailor interventions to fit their specific clients’ needs, a concept referred to as therapist responsiveness in the psychotherapy literature. However, the question of how therapists learn to become responsive rarely has been examined.

Method

: The central question of this study, put to eleven graduate student therapist trainees, was, “How did you learn to be responsive to clients as a novice therapist, and in what ways have you become responsive?” A critical-constructivist grounded theory method was employed to generate themes from trainees’ replies.

Results

: The analysis showed that trainees learned to improve their responsiveness to clients by: (1) becoming more aware of cues that signaled the need to adapt interventions (as related to psychotherapy change processes, client-therapist relational dynamics, clients’ identities and cultural contexts, and the maximizing of clients’ agency); (2) developing attunement to their own emotions and engaging in self-care; and (3) adopting mindsets that facilitated their trying new relational or therapy approaches while also maintaining professionalism.

Conclusion

Based upon these findings, preliminary suggestions for responsiveness training are presented to guide programs that wish to train responsive psychotherapists .

中文翻译：

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如何成为一名反应灵敏的治疗师：发展治疗师的经验研究

摘要

客观的

：越来越多的经验证据表明，当治疗师根据特定客户的需求定制干预措施时，心理治疗会更有效，这一概念在心理治疗文献中被称为治疗师反应能力。然而，很少有人研究治疗师如何学会变得敏感的问题。

方法

：这项研究的核心问题是针对 11 名研究生治疗师学员提出的，“作为一名新手治疗师，你是如何学会对来访者做出反应的，你是通过什么方式变得反应灵敏的？” 采用批判建构主义扎根理论方法从受训者的回答中生成主题。

结果

: 分析表明，受训者通过以下方式学会提高对来访者的反应能力：(1) 更加意识到需要调整干预措施的线索（如与心理治疗改变过程、来访者-治疗师关系动态、来访者身份和文化背景相关） ，以及客户代理的最大化）；(2) 发展对自己情绪的协调并进行自我照顾；(3) 采用有助于他们尝试新的关系或治疗方法的心态，同时保持专业精神。

结论

基于这些发现，提出了响应性培训的初步建议，以指导希望培训响应性心理治疗师的计划。