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Cover crops and controlled-release urea decrease need for mineral nitrogen fertilizer for cotton in sandy soil
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108387
Carlos Felipe dos Santos Cordeiro 1 , Daniel Rodela Rodrigues 1 , Fábio Rafael Echer 1
Affiliation  

Cover crops can affect nitrogen fertilization efficiency, soil nitrogen content, and cotton yield. However, the interaction effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers, applied N rate, and cover crops on cotton growth, yield and fiber quality remains unknown, especially in sandy soils with low N content. Soil nitrogen and cotton growth, yield and fiber quality were evaluated as a function of different N rates and N sources in five rotation systems with or without cover crops, over four years. The treatments were: (1) cotton rotation crops (i.e., fallow, single grass, grass + grass, grass + legume and a mixture of cover crops), (2) nitrogen rates (70, 100 and 130 kg N ha−1), and (3) nitrogen sources (urea and controlled-release urea). Under a mixture of cover crops, fiber yields were 12% and 21% higher compared to the single grass and rotation fallow, respectively. Cotton in the fallow rotation required a higher rate of N (130 kg ha−1) than in rotation systems with cover crops (100 kg ha−1), in systems with cover crops to achieve the highest yields. Controlled-release urea reduced the demand for N fertilizer by 30% in the fallow. It also increased the content of soil N by 16% (mean of two seasons). Micronaire and fiber strength were lower with 130 kg ha−1 of N. There is no need to increase nitrogen fertilization in cotton, as long as controlled-release urea and cover crops are employed, preferably mixtures of grasses and legumes.



中文翻译:

覆盖作物和控释尿素减少沙土棉花对矿质氮肥的需求

覆盖作物会影响氮肥施肥效率、土壤氮含量和棉花产量。然而,控释氮肥、施氮量和覆盖作物对棉花生长、产量和纤维品质的交互作用尚不清楚,尤其是在含氮量低的沙质土壤中。土壤氮和棉花的生长、产量和纤维质量作为不同氮肥量和氮源的函数,在有或没有覆盖作物的五个轮作系统中进行了评估,为期四年。处理为:(1) 棉花轮作作物(即休耕、单草、草 + 草、草 + 豆科植物和覆盖作物的混合物),(2) 施氮量(70、100 和 130 kg N ha -1),和 (3) 氮源(尿素和控释尿素)。在混合覆盖作物的情况下,与单草和轮作休耕相比,纤维产量分别高出 12% 和 21%。与覆盖作物的轮作系统(100 kg ha -1)相比,休耕轮作中的棉花需要更高的氮肥量(130 kg ha -1),在覆盖作物的系统中可获得最高产量。控释尿素使休耕期对氮肥的需求减少了 30%。它还使土壤 N 的含量增加了 16%(两个季节的平均值)。马克隆值和纤维强度较低,为 130 kg ha -1 N. 不需要增加棉花中的氮肥,只要使用控释尿素和覆盖作物,最好是草和豆类的混合物。

更新日期:2021-12-06
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