The Norwegian physician Carl Wilhelm Sem-Jacobsen (1912–1991) was a pioneer in deep brain stimulation and aerospace neurophysiology, but for several reasons, his story has remained untold. During WW2, he collaborated with a renowned military underground resistance group against the Nazi occupants and then had to flee to neutral Sweden. He returned to participate in the liberation of Northern Norway as a Captain in the US Special Forces also working with the OSS (Office of Strategic Services—precursor for CIA) and received a citation from General Eisenhower for his contributions. Sem-Jacobsen then spent several years in the US training in psychiatry and clinical neurophysiology at the Mayo Clinic. He constructed his own medical technical devices, was among the first to develop deep brain stimulation, and made the smallest EEG and EKG recording systems yet produced, also used by the American astronauts walking on the Moon. But he was more an inventor than a researcher, and few of his observations were published in peer-reviewed medical journals. He built his own neurophysiologic institute for neurosurgery, deep brain recordings, and deep brain stimulation in Oslo's main psychiatric hospital, but was sponsored by US military forces and NASA. He knew CIA Director William E. Colby personally, and rumors soon flourished that Sem-Jacobsen conducted secret mind control experiments for American authorities and the CIA. These accusations were investigated, and long after his death, he was officially absolved by a Hearing Committee appointed by the Norwegian Government. Nevertheless, all his personal files were burnt by his family who was still harassed by investigative journalists. Sem-Jacobsen also documented some of his work on film, but the whereabouts of these films have remained unknown. I searched for them for several years and recently discovered numerous films and photographs in an old barn in rural Norway. These films and photographs document in-action neurophysiology recordings in divers, pilots, and astronauts, and they show how Sem-Jacobsen in collaboration with experienced neurosurgeons in Oslo conducted the very first trials with deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease. He apparently even tried subthalamic stimulation as early as in the 1950s.

挪威医生卡尔·威廉·塞姆-雅各布森（Carl Wilhelm Sem-Jacobsen，1912-1991 年）是深部脑刺激和航空航天神经生理学领域的先驱，但由于多种原因，他的故事一直不为人所知。第二次世界大战期间，他与一个著名的军事地下抵抗组织合作对抗纳粹占领者，然后不得不逃到中立的瑞典。他作为美国特种部队上尉重返挪威北部，并与 OSS（战略服务办公室——中央情报局的前身）合作，并因其贡献而受到艾森豪威尔将军的嘉奖。随后，塞姆-雅各布森在美国梅奥诊所接受了几年精神病学和临床神经生理学培训。他建造了自己的医疗技术设备，是最早开发深度脑刺激的人之一，并制造了迄今为止最小的脑电图和心电图记录系统，美国宇航员在月球上行走也使用过该系统。但他更像是一名发明家，而不是一名研究人员，他的观察结果很少发表在同行评审的医学期刊上。他在奥斯陆的主要精神病医院建立了自己的神经生理学研究所，用于神经外科、深部脑记录和深部脑刺激，但得到了美国军方和美国宇航局的资助。他认识中央情报局局长威廉·E·科尔比，很快就有谣言称塞姆-雅各布森为美国当局和中央情报局进行了秘密精神控制实验。这些指控得到了调查，在他死后很久，挪威政府任命的听证委员会正式赦免了他。尽管如此，他的所有个人档案都被他的家人烧毁，而他的家人仍然受到调查记者的骚扰。 塞姆-雅各布森还记录了他的一些电影作品，但这些电影的下落仍然未知。我寻找它们好几年了，最近在挪威乡村的一个旧谷仓里发现了许多电影和照片。这些影片和照片记录了潜水员、飞行员和宇航员的实际神经生理学记录，并展示了 Sem-Jacobsen 如何与奥斯陆经验丰富的神经外科医生合作，对帕金森病患者进行了首次深部脑刺激试验。显然，他早在 20 世纪 50 年代就尝试过丘脑底刺激。