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Technology in the emergency department: Using cognitive work analysis to model and design sustainable systems
Safety Science ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105613
Elizabeth E. Austin 1 , Brette Blakely 1 , Paul Salmon 2 , Jeffrey Braithwaite 1 , Robyn Clay-Williams 1
Affiliation  

Emergency Departments (EDs) are highly complex healthcare settings that must be resilient to unpredictable demands. New technologies are regularly introduced into EDs to improve patient care and workflow processes. However, the interaction between social and technical agents can introduce further complexity, making it difficult to identify the factors that influence the dynamic sustainability of interventions. This study aimed to demonstrate how the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) Framework can be used to model and design sustainable social-technical ED systems. To identify workspaces, social, technical, and collaboration factors that can be used to design and implement contextually appropriate technologies into the ED, we applied Control Task Analysis (i.e., Contextual Activities Template, CAT), Social Organizational and Cooperation Analysis (SOCA), and Strategies Analysis (StrA) phases from the CWA Framework, developed and validated using data collected during 263 h of observation in a large metropolitan ED. Our models revealed workspaces within the ED that are heavily involved in both clinical and non-clinical tasks for nurses and doctors using a range of technology. Workspaces, technology, and roles that are over- or under- utilized create contextually sensitive opportunities for dispersing work. Application of CWA enables examination of the ongoing, dynamic relationship between technological interventions and context, which can support sustainability and inform future designs.



中文翻译:

急诊科技术:使用认知工作分析来建模和设计可持续系统

急诊科 (ED) 是高度复杂的医疗保健环境,必须能够应对不可预测的需求。新技术被定期引入急诊室,以改善患者护理和工作流程。然而,社会和技术代理之间的相互作用会带来进一步的复杂性,从而难以确定影响干预动态可持续性的因素。本研究旨在展示认知工作分析 (CWA) 框架如何用于建模和设计可持续的社会技术 ED 系统。为了确定可用于设计和实施上下文适当技术到 ED 的工作空间、社会、技术和协作因素,我们应用了控制任务分析(即上下文活动模板,CAT)、社会组织和合作分析(SOCA),和策略分析 (StrA) 阶段来自 CWA 框架,使用在大都市 ED 的 263 小时观察期间收集的数据进行开发和验证。我们的模型揭示了急诊室中的工作空间,这些工作空间大量参与护士和医生使用一系列技术的临床和非临床任务。过度或未充分利用的工作空间、技术和角色为分散工作创造了上下文敏感的机会。CWA 的应用可以检查技术干预和环境之间持续的、动态的关系,这可以支持可持续性并为未来的设计提供信息。我们的模型揭示了急诊室中的工作空间,这些工作空间大量参与护士和医生使用一系列技术的临床和非临床任务。过度或未充分利用的工作空间、技术和角色为分散工作创造了上下文敏感的机会。CWA 的应用可以检查技术干预和环境之间持续的、动态的关系,这可以支持可持续性并为未来的设计提供信息。我们的模型揭示了急诊室中的工作空间,这些工作空间大量参与护士和医生使用一系列技术的临床和非临床任务。过度或未充分利用的工作空间、技术和角色为分散工作创造了上下文敏感的机会。CWA 的应用可以检查技术干预和环境之间持续的、动态的关系,这可以支持可持续性并为未来的设计提供信息。

更新日期:2021-12-04
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