Two types of Sn-based nanostructured materials have been investigated as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and sodium-ion batteries (SIB). Firstly, nanostructured Sn/SnO_x powders were synthesized by one-step anodic oxidation of Sn foil in an alkaline electrolyte followed by mechanical separation of the anodic film from the remaining substrate. Secondly, as-anodized powders were converted for the first time to tin oxyphosphate (Sn/SnP₂O₇) hybrid via a simple phosphorization with red phosphorous at 500 °C. The XRD and HR-TEM analyses confirmed that the hybrid was comprised of Sn nanoparticles embedded in the SnP₂O₇ matrix. When used as anode materials, the Sn/SnP₂O₇ exhibits excellent storage performance for lithium and sodium ions compared to Sn/SnO_x that can be attributed to the metal/matrix structure which is not only conducive to the electron transport but also can facilitate the accommodation of volume changes during intercalation/deintercalation processes. A stable reversible capacity with an excellent coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% at different current densities even up to 1000 cycles was achieved for the Sn/SnP₂O₇ anode in LIB.

两种类型的 Sn 基纳米结构材料已被研究作为锂离子电池 (LIB) 和钠离子电池 (SIB) 的负极。首先，纳米结构的 Sn/SnO _x粉末是通过在碱性电解质中一步阳极氧化 Sn 箔，然后将阳极膜与剩余基材机械分离来合成的。其次，通过在 500 °C 下用红磷进行简单的磷化，阳极氧化的粉末首次转化为氧磷酸锡 (Sn/SnP ₂ O ₇ ) 杂化物。XRD 和 HR-TEM 分析证实，该混合物由嵌入 SnP ₂ O ₇基质中的 Sn 纳米颗粒组成。当用作阳极材料时，Sn/SnP ₂ O ₇与 Sn/SnO _x相比，它对锂和钠离子表现出优异的存储性能，这可归因于金属/基质结构，这不仅有利于电子传输，而且可以促进嵌入/脱嵌过程中的体积变化。LIB 中的 Sn/SnP ₂ O ₇阳极在不同电流密度下甚至高达 1000 次循环都实现了稳定的可逆容量和接近 100% 的优异库仑效率。