Laboratory models of relapse provide methods for evaluating challenges to behavioral treatments with differential reinforcement of an alternative response (DRA). Resurgence occurs with the worsening of conditions of reinforcement for appropriate behavior and renewal occurs when transitioning out of a treatment context. Across five experiments, participants recruited via online crowdsourcing pressed onscreen buttons to earn points exchangeable for money and contexts sometimes changed through changes in the background image. Returning to the training context (ABA, Experiment 1) and transitioning to a novel context (ABC, Experiment 2) produced greater resurgence when removing alternative reinforcement in comparison with remaining in the treatment context (ABB). In contrast, we observed little difference in resurgence among AAA, ABB, and AAC context manipulations (Experiment 3) and ABA, ABC, and AAC context manipulations (Experiment 4). In Experiment 5, we evaluated relative contributions of the presence versus absence of context changes (ABA vs. ABB) in combination with or without the removal of alternative reinforcement. Both changing context and removing alternative reinforcement increased responding in isolation and the combination produced greater-than-additive effects. Overall, the present findings demonstrate a consistent effect of removing alternative reinforcement on relapse that, under certain conditions, can be enhanced by context change.

复发的实验室模型提供了评估对替代反应（DRA）的差异强化的行为治疗挑战的方法。当适当行为的强化条件恶化时会出现复苏，而在从治疗环境过渡时会出现更新。在五个实验中，通过在线众包招募的参与者按下屏幕上的按钮以赚取可兑换金钱的积分，背景有时会因背景图像的变化而改变。返回到训练环境（ABA，实验 1）并过渡到新环境（ABC，实验 2）与留在治疗环境（ABB）相比，去除替代强化时产生了更大的复苏。相比之下，我们观察到 AAA、ABB、和 AAC 上下文操作（实验 3）以及 ABA、ABC 和 AAC 上下文操作（实验 4）。在实验 5 中，我们评估了存在与不存在上下文变化（ABA 与 ABB）结合或不去除替代强化的相对贡献。改变环境和去除替代强化都增加了孤立的反应，并且这种组合产生了大于累加的效果。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，去除替代强化对复发的一致影响，在某些情况下，可以通过环境变化来增强。ABB) 结合或不去除替代钢筋。改变环境和去除替代强化都增加了孤立的反应，并且这种组合产生了大于累加的效果。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，去除替代强化对复发的一致影响，在某些情况下，可以通过环境变化来增强。ABB) 结合或不去除替代钢筋。改变环境和去除替代强化都增加了孤立的反应，并且这种组合产生了大于累加的效果。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，去除替代强化对复发的一致影响，在某些情况下，可以通过环境变化来增强。