Surfing has rapidly grown in popularity as the sport made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Surfing injuries are becoming more relevant with the globalisation and increasing risks of the sport, but despite this, little is known about surfing injuries or prevention strategies in either the competitive or recreational surfer. Prior research demonstrates that surfers are injured at a frequency of 0.74–1.79 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. We reviewed the literature for the incidence, anatomical distribution, type and underlying mechanism of acute and overuse injuries, and discuss current preventative measures. This review finds that skin injuries represent the highest proportion of total injuries. Acute injuries most frequently affect the head, neck and face, followed by the lower limbs. Being struck by one’s own board is the most common mechanism of injury. Non-contact acute ligament injuries have increased as surfing manoeuvres have become more acrobatic and overuse musculoskeletal injuries are highly correlated with paddling. However, there is a paucity of research for surfing injuries, and studies on overuse musculoskeletal injuries and prevention are disproportionally under-represented. Most of the prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, poor data collection methodology and geographical constraints. Further research is needed to establish preventative measures for both acute and overuse surfing injuries and to ensure the increasing popularity of surfing is met with an improved understanding of sport risks and safety. Specifically, we recommend research be prioritised regarding the efficacy of training programmes to prevent surfing-related overuse musculoskeletal injuries.

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在世界舞台上冲浪：对竞技和休闲冲浪者的急性和过度使用伤害以及预防措施的叙述性评论

随着这项运动在 2020 年东京奥运会上首次亮相，冲浪运动迅速流行起来。随着这项运动的全球化和风险的增加，冲浪伤害变得越来越重要，但尽管如此，对于竞技或休闲冲浪者的冲浪伤害或预防策略知之甚少。先前的研究表明，冲浪者每 1000 小时冲浪受伤的频率为 0.74-1.79 次。我们回顾了有关急性和过度使用损伤的发生率、解剖分布、类型和潜在机制的文献，并讨论了当前的预防措施。本综述发现皮肤损伤占总损伤的比例最高。急性损伤最常影响头部、颈部和面部，其次是下肢。被自己的棋盘击中是最常见的伤害机制。随着冲浪动作变得更加杂技，非接触性急性韧带损伤有所增加，过度使用肌肉骨骼损伤与划桨高度相关。然而，关于冲浪伤害的研究很少，而且对过度使用肌肉骨骼损伤和预防的研究也不成比例。大多数先前的研究都受到样本量小、数据收集方法差和地域限制的限制。需要进一步的研究来制定针对急性和过度使用冲浪伤害的预防措施，并确保随着对运动风险和安全性的更好理解，冲浪的日益普及得到满足。具体来说，