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Low NCOR2 levels in multiple myeloma patients drive multidrug resistance via MYC upregulation
Blood Cancer Journal ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-04 , DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00589-y
Tomoaki Mori 1 , Rakesh Verma 1 , Rie Nakamoto-Matsubara 1 , Ka Tat Siu 1 , Cristina Panaroni 1 , Keertik S Fulzele 1 , Kenta Mukaihara 1 , Chukwuamaka Onyewadume 1 , Allison Maebius 1 , Hiroki Kato 2 , Lai Ping Wong 3 , Ruslan I Sadreyev 3 , David T Scadden 2 , Noopur S Raje 1
Affiliation  

MYC upregulation is associated with multidrug refractory disease in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We, isolated patient-derived MM cells with high MYC expression and discovered that NCOR2 was down-regulated in these cells. NCOR2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein and its role in MM remains unknown. To define the role of NCOR2 in MM, we created NCOR2 knockout human myeloma cell lines and demonstrated that NCOR2 knockout led to high MYC expression. Furthermore, NCOR2 knockout conferred resistance to pomalidomide, BET and HDAC inhibitors, independent of Cereblon (CRBN), indicating high MYC expression as a cause of multidrug resistance. Moreover, NCOR2 interacted with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex and repressed the expression of CD180 by directly binding to its promoter and inducing MYC expression. Next, we generated lenalidomide-resistant and pomalidomide-resistant human myeloma cell lines. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that these cell lines acquired the same exonic mutations of NCOR2. These cell lines showed NCOR2 downregulation and MYC upregulation independent of CRBN and demonstrated resistance to BET and HDAC inhibitors. Our findings reveal a novel CRBN independent molecular mechanism associated with drug resistance. Low NCOR2 expression can serve as a potential biomarker for drug resistance and needs further validation in larger prospective studies.



中文翻译:

多发性骨髓瘤患者的低 NCOR2 水平通过 MYC 上调驱动多药耐药

MYC 上调与多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 患者的多药难治性疾病有关。我们分离出具有高 MYC 表达的患者来源的 MM 细胞,并发现 NCOR2 在这些细胞中被下调。NCOR2 是一种转录共调节蛋白,其在 MM 中的作用尚不清楚。为了确定 NCOR2 在 MM 中的作用,我们创建了 NCOR2 敲除人骨髓瘤细胞系并证明 NCOR2 敲除导致 MYC 高表达。此外,NCOR2 敲除赋予了对泊马度胺、BET 和 HDAC 抑制剂的耐药性,与 Cereblon (CRBN) 无关,表明高 MYC 表达是多药耐药的一个原因。此外,NCOR2 与核小体重塑和脱乙酰酶 (NuRD) 复合物相互作用,并通过直接与其启动子结合并诱导 MYC 表达来抑制 CD180 的表达。下一个,我们生成了来那度胺耐药和泊马度胺耐药的人骨髓瘤细胞系。全外显子组测序显示这些细胞系获得了与 NCOR2 相同的外显子突变。这些细胞系显示出独立于 CRBN 的 NCOR2 下调和 MYC 上调,并表现出对 BET 和 HDAC 抑制剂的抗性。我们的研究结果揭示了一种与耐药性相关的新型 CRBN 独立分子机制。低 NCOR2 表达可以作为耐药性的潜在生物标志物,需要在更大规模的前瞻性研究中进一步验证。这些细胞系显示出独立于 CRBN 的 NCOR2 下调和 MYC 上调,并表现出对 BET 和 HDAC 抑制剂的抗性。我们的研究结果揭示了一种与耐药性相关的新型 CRBN 独立分子机制。低 NCOR2 表达可以作为耐药性的潜在生物标志物,需要在更大规模的前瞻性研究中进一步验证。这些细胞系显示出独立于 CRBN 的 NCOR2 下调和 MYC 上调,并表现出对 BET 和 HDAC 抑制剂的抗性。我们的研究结果揭示了一种与耐药性相关的新型 CRBN 独立分子机制。低 NCOR2 表达可以作为耐药性的潜在生物标志物,需要在更大规模的前瞻性研究中进一步验证。

更新日期:2021-12-04
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