Rhesus macaques, when trained for several hundred trials on adjacent items in an ordered list (e.g., A > B, B > C, C > D), are able to make accurate transitive inferences (TI) about previously untrained pairs (e.g., A > C, B > D). How that learning unfolds during training, however, is not well understood. We sought to measure the relationship between the amount of TI training and the resulting response accuracy in 4 rhesus macaques using seven-item lists. The training conditions included the absolute minimal case of presenting each of the six adjacent pairs only once prior to testing. We also tested transfer to nonadjacent pairs with 24 and 114 training trials. Because performance during and after small amounts of training is expected to be near chance levels, we developed a descriptive statistical model to estimate potentially subtle learning effects in the presence of much larger random response variability and systematic bias. These results suggest that subjects learned serial order in an incremental fashion. Thus, rather than performing transitive inference by a logical process, serial learning in rhesus macaques proceeds in a manner more akin to a statistical inference, with an initial uncertainty about list position that gradually becomes more accurate as evidence accumulates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对恒河猴 (Macaca mulatta) 进行最少训练后的传递推理。

恒河猴在对有序列表中的相邻项目（例如，A > B、B > C、C > D）进行数百次试验后，能够对先前未训练的对（例如，A > C、B > D)。然而，这种学习在培训期间是如何展开的，人们还不太清楚。我们试图使用七项列表来衡量 TI 训练量与 4 只恒河猴的反应准确度之间的关系。训练条件包括在测试之前只呈现六对相邻对中的每一对的绝对最小情况。我们还通过 24 次和 114 次训练试验测试了向非相邻对的转移。因为在少量训练期间和之后的表现预计会接近机会水平，我们开发了一个描述性统计模型来估计在存在更大的随机响应变异性和系统偏差的情况下潜在的微妙学习效果。这些结果表明，受试者以增量方式学习序列顺序。因此，恒河猴的序列学习不是通过逻辑过程进行传递推理，而是以更类似于统计推理的方式进行，列表位置的初始不确定性随着证据的积累逐渐变得更加准确。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。恒河猴的序列学习以更类似于统计推断的方式进行，列表位置的初始不确定性随着证据的积累逐渐变得更加准确。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。恒河猴的序列学习以更类似于统计推断的方式进行，列表位置的初始不确定性随着证据的积累逐渐变得更加准确。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。