Neutrophils play a vital role in the formation of arterial, venous and cancer-related thrombosis. Recent studies have shown that in a process known as NETosis, neutrophils release proteins and enzymes complexed to DNA fibers, collectively called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NETs were originally described as a way for the host to capture and kill bacteria, current knowledge indicates that NETs also play an important role in thrombosis. According to recent studies, the destruction of vascular microenvironmental homeostasis and excessive NET formation lead to pathological thrombosis. In vitro experiments have found that NETs provide skeletal support for platelets, red blood cells and procoagulant molecules to promote thrombosis. The protein components contained in NETs activate the endogenous coagulation pathway to promote thrombosis. Therefore, NETs play an important role in the formation of arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis and cancer-related thrombosis. This review will systematically summarize and explain the study of NETs in thrombosis in animal models and in vivo experiments to provide new targets for thrombosis prevention and treatment.

中性粒细胞在动脉、静脉和癌症相关血栓的形成中起着至关重要的作用。最近的研究表明，在称为 NETosis 的过程中，中性粒细胞释放与 DNA 纤维复合的蛋白质和酶，统称为中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 (NETs)。尽管 NETs 最初被描述为宿主捕获和杀死细菌的一种方式，但目前的知识表明 NETs 在血栓形成中也起着重要作用。根据最近的研究，血管微环境稳态的破坏和过度的NET形成导致病理性血栓形成。体外实验发现，NETs为血小板、红细胞和促凝分子提供骨骼支持，促进血栓形成。NETs 中包含的蛋白质成分激活内源性凝血途径以促进血栓形成。因此，NETs在动脉血栓形成、静脉血栓形成和癌症相关血栓形成中起重要作用。本综述将系统地总结和解释 NETs 在动物模型和血栓形成中的研究。体内 实验为血栓预防和治疗提供新的靶点。