The photoionization yield is analyzed for three-dimensional quantum systems with finite number of discrete spectrum states driven by unipolar subcycle and few-cycle electromagnetic pulse with a duration much less than “the Kepler period,” electron oscillation period in the ground state. The yield for such objects—symmetric quantum dots and those described by the zero-radius potential—is compared with the yield for hydrogen atom. In all these cases, the standard Keldysh ionization theory is inapplicable. It is shown that ionization probability is determined by the ratio of the electric pulse area (integral of the electric field strength over time) and its characteristic value inversely proportional to the size of the electron localization, and not by the pulse energy or its maximum intensity.

中文翻译：

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由具有非零电面积的少周期和亚周期辐射脉冲驱动的微物体电离产率的判据

分析了三维量子系统的光电离产率，该系统具有有限数量的离散光谱态，由单极亚周期和少周期电磁脉冲驱动，其持续时间远小于“开普勒周期”，基态中的电子振荡周期。这些物体的产率——对称量子点和由零半径势描述的那些——与氢原子的产率进行了比较。在所有这些情况下，标准的 Keldysh 电离理论是不适用的。结果表明，电离概率由电脉冲面积的比值（电场强度随时间的积分）及其特征值与电子定域大小成反比决定，而不是由脉冲能量或其最大强度决定.