Set-size effects in change detection have been attributed to capacity limits in a variety of processes, including perception, memory encoding, memory storage, memory retrieval, comparison, and decision. In this study, we investigated the locus of the effect of increasing set size from 1 to 2. The task was to detect a 90 degree change in the orientation of 1 or 2 briefly presented Gabor patterns in noise. To measure purely attentional effects and not another phenomena, such as crowding, a precue was used to manipulate relevant set size while keeping the display constant. The locus of the capacity limit was determined by varying when observers were cued to a single relevant stimulus. To begin, we measured the baseline set-size effect for change detection. Next, a dual-task procedure and a 100% valid postcue was added to test for an effect of decision: This modification did not reliably change the set-size effects. In the critical experiments, a 100% valid cue was provided during the retention interval between displays, or only one stimulus was presented in the second display (local recognition). For both of these conditions, there was only a relatively small set-size effect. These results are consistent with the bulk of capacity limits being in memory retrieval or comparison and not in perception, memory encoding, or memory storage.

中文翻译：

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检索和/或比较在变化检测的集合大小效应中的主要作用。


变化检测中的集合大小效应归因于各种过程中的容量限制，包括感知、记忆编码、记忆存储、记忆检索、比较和决策。在本研究中，我们研究了将集合大小从 1 增加到 2 的影响轨迹。任务是检测噪声中 1 或 2 个简单呈现的 Gabor 模式的方向 90 度变化。为了测量纯粹的注意力效应而不是其他现象（例如拥挤），使用预提示来操纵相关的设置大小，同时保持显示恒定。能力极限的轨迹是通过改变观察者被提示到单一相关刺激的时间来确定的。首先，我们测量了变化检测的基线设置大小效应。接下来，添加双任务程序和 100% 有效的后提示来测试决策的效果：此修改并没有可靠地改变设置大小效果。在关键实验中，在显示器之间的保留间隔期间提供 100% 有效的提示，或者在第二个显示器中仅呈现一种刺激（本地识别）。对于这两种情况，仅存在相对较小的设置大小效应。这些结果与记忆检索或比较中的大部分容量限制一致，而不是感知、记忆编码或记忆存储中的容量限制。