The aim of the present study was to explore the influences of varying doses of micelle silymarin (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) supplementation on sows’ feed intake, milk yields, serum hormones, and litter growth using 40 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, parity from 3 to 5) from the 109th prenatal day to the 21st postnatal day. Each treatment included 10 sows and each sow was used as an experimental unit. On weaning day, litter weight and litter weight gain were linearly improved (P < 0.01, both), corresponding to the increasing dose of silymarin micelle in the diet. Also, litter weight, litter weight gain, and average daily gain (ADG) of piglets born to treated sows exceeded (P < 0.05) those of offspring from the control sows (0% micelle silymarin). Feed intake in week 1, week 2, and the entire lactation period was increased (linear, P < 0.01) as micelle silymarin dose increased. Body weight (BW) loss of sows during lactation was linearly reduced (P = 0.003) with the increasing amounts of micelle silymarin. Average daily milk yields during lactation were also linearly increased (P = 0.002) in treated sows, exceeding (P = 0.046) that of control sows. Also, uniform increases were observed (P = 0.037) in fat content in milk produced by treated sows on day 14 of lactation. Epinephrine concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in sow serum on day 21 postpartum were linearly declined (P = 0.010) as micelle silymarin dose increased, and were both declined (P < 0.05) in treated sows compared with the control. In addition, treated sows’ serum had higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at parturition and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lower oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations, and GSSG/GSH (glutathione) ratio (all, P < 0.01) on day 21 of lactation. Moreover, offspring from micelle silymarin-treated sows tended to (0.05 < P <0.1) have higher serum catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) concentrations. Taken together, the results showed that sows fed increasing levels of micelle silymarin from the 109th prenatal day to the 21st postnatal day had an incremental dose-dependent effect on higher feed intake, diminished BW loss, greater milk yields, and greater litter weight at weaning, and 0.2% of micelle silymarin could be optimal to achieve the better effect.

中文翻译：

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从妊娠第 109 天到整个哺乳期，在母猪饮食中添加胶束水飞蓟素可提高繁殖性能并影响血清激素和代谢物

本研究的目的是使用 40 头经产母猪探讨添加不同剂量的胶束水飞蓟素（0%、0.05%、0.1% 和 0.2%）对母猪采食量、产奶量、血清激素和窝仔猪生长的影响产前第 109 天至产后第 21 天的母猪（长白×约克夏，胎次从 3 到 5）。每个处理包括 10 头母猪，每头母猪作为一个实验单元。在断奶日，窝重和窝增重呈线性改善（P < 0.01，两者），对应于日粮中水飞蓟素胶束剂量的增加。此外，经处理的母猪所产仔猪的窝重、窝增重和平均日增重 (ADG) 超过 (P < 0.05) 对照母猪（0% 胶束水飞蓟素）的后代。第 1 周、第 2 周的采食量，并且整个哺乳期随着胶束水飞蓟素剂量的增加而增加（线性，P＜0.01）。随着胶束水飞蓟素用量的增加，母猪泌乳期间的体重 (BW) 损失呈线性减少 (P = 0.003)。经处理的母猪在哺乳期间的平均每日产奶量也呈线性增加 (P = 0.002)，超过 (P = 0.046) 对照母猪。此外，在泌乳第 14 天，经处理的母猪产奶中的脂肪含量也观察到均匀增加 (P = 0.037)。随着胶束水飞蓟素剂量的增加，产后第 21 天母猪血清中的肾上腺素浓度和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 活性呈线性下降 (P = 0.010)，并且与对照组相比，经处理的母猪均下降 (P < 0.05)。此外，经处理的母猪血清在分娩时具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 活性、较低的氧化型谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 浓度和当天的 GSSG/GSH（谷胱甘肽）比率（所有，P < 0.01） 21 哺乳期。此外，经胶束水飞蓟素处理的母猪的后代往往 (0.05 < P <0.1) 具有更高的血清过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 浓度。综上所述，结果表明，从产前第 109 天到产后第 21 天，母猪饲喂更高水平的胶束水飞蓟素对更高的采食量、减少的体重损失、更高的产奶量和更高的断奶窝重具有剂量依赖性效应。 , 0.2%的胶束水飞蓟素可以达到更好的效果。在泌乳第 21 天，较低的氧化型谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 浓度和 GSSG/GSH（谷胱甘肽）比率（所有，P < 0.01）。此外，经胶束水飞蓟素处理的母猪的后代往往 (0.05 < P <0.1) 具有更高的血清过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 浓度。综上所述，结果表明，从产前第 109 天到产后第 21 天，母猪饲喂更高水平的胶束水飞蓟素对更高的采食量、减少的体重损失、更高的产奶量和更高的断奶窝重具有剂量依赖性效应。 , 0.2%的胶束水飞蓟素可以达到更好的效果。在泌乳第 21 天，较低的氧化型谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 浓度和 GSSG/GSH（谷胱甘肽）比率（所有，P < 0.01）。此外，经胶束水飞蓟素处理的母猪的后代往往 (0.05 < P <0.1) 具有更高的血清过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 浓度。综上所述，结果表明，从产前第 109 天到产后第 21 天，母猪饲喂更高水平的胶束水飞蓟素对更高的采食量、减少的体重损失、更高的产奶量和更高的断奶窝重具有剂量依赖性效应。 , 0.2%的胶束水飞蓟素可以达到更好的效果。经胶束水飞蓟素处理的母猪的后代往往 (0.05 < P <0.1) 具有更高的血清过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 浓度。综上所述，结果表明，从产前第 109 天到产后第 21 天，母猪饲喂更高水平的胶束水飞蓟素对更高的采食量、减少的体重损失、更高的产奶量和更高的断奶窝重具有剂量依赖性效应。 , 0.2%的胶束水飞蓟素可以达到更好的效果。经胶束水飞蓟素处理的母猪的后代往往 (0.05 < P <0.1) 具有更高的血清过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 浓度。综上所述，结果表明，从产前第 109 天到产后第 21 天，母猪饲喂更高水平的胶束水飞蓟素对更高的采食量、减少的体重损失、更高的产奶量和更高的断奶窝重具有剂量依赖性效应。 , 0.2%的胶束水飞蓟素可以达到更好的效果。