In view of the low-carbon transformation of the power sector, natural gas-fired power generation is the only technology, among fossil resources, that will continue to provide an important source of flexibility for the power system in the coming years. However, the carbon dioxide emissions produced by the operation of such plants call for carbon capture and storage equipment, whose deployment needs to be assessed and compared with the main renewable technologies: wind power and photovoltaics. This work uses process simulation in order to assess two different carbon capture processes: a traditional one, based on monoethanolamine, and an innovative one, based on hot potassium carbonate. Process simulation is also used for the transportation of carbon dioxide to the sequestration site. Mass and energy balances from the simulations are then used for the calculation of the Energy Return on Energy Invested, the Levelized Cost of Energy and as inputs for the Life Cycle Assessments of both alternative designs. The life cycle analyses of the considered power technologies exhibited higher contributions due to fossil-based power plants towards climate-related impact categories, while renewable sources were revealed to be more burdensome for the exploitation of mineral resources. The calculated Energy Return on Energy Invested for gas-fired power plants with carbon capture and storage is between 5.2 and 12.4, comparable with the values of photovoltaics and wind power. On the other hand, their Levelized Cost of Energy is between 10.2 and 20.0 eurocent per kilowatt-hour, much higher than that of renewables. The conclusion is that, at present, the sustainability of gas-fired power stations equipped with carbon capture and storage should be carefully considered and not taken for granted.

在电力行业低碳转型的背景下，天然气发电是化石资源中唯一能在未来几年继续为电力系统提供灵活性的重要技术。然而，此类工厂运营产生的二氧化碳排放需要碳捕获和存储设备，其部署需要评估并与主要的可再生技术：风能和光伏发电进行比较。这项工作使用过程模拟来评估两种不同的碳捕获过程：传统的基于单乙醇胺的过程，以及基于热碳酸钾的创新过程。过程模拟也用于将二氧化碳运输到封存场。然后将模拟中的质量和能量平衡用于计算投资能源的能源回报、能源的均等成本，并作为两种替代设计的生命周期评估的输入。由于化石发电厂对气候相关影响类别的贡献更大，所考虑的电力技术的生命周期分析显示出更高的贡献，而可再生能源被发现对矿产资源的开发负担更大。具有碳捕获和储存的燃气发电厂的能源投资的计算能源回报介于 5.2 和 12.4 之间，与光伏和风电的价值相当。另一方面，他们的平均能源成本在每千瓦时 10.2 至 20.0 欧分之间，远高于可再生能源。结论是，