Understanding the arrangement of Eucalyptus-Marandu palisade grass silvopastoral systems in Brazil,Agricultural Systems

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Understanding the arrangement of Eucalyptus-Marandu palisade grass silvopastoral systems in Brazil
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103316
Nilson Aparecido Vieira Junior ₁ , Jochem Evers ₂ , Murilo dos Santos Vianna ₃ , Bruno Carneiro e Pedreira ₄ , José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane ₅ , Fábio Ricardo Marin ₁

Affiliation

CONTEXT

Limited land availability and an increasing global population are challenges faced by the agricultural sector in the coming decades. The silvopastoral system is an efficient alternative to full sun pastures that could be used to sustainably intensify animal and crop production. However, the adoption of this system is being held back by a lack of knowledge on how the trees in such a system should be arranged in order to avoid detrimental effects on pasture growth.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to test different arrangements of trees in the Eucalyptus-Marandu palisade grass silvopastoral system and to evaluate its performance in different regions of Brazil.

METHODS

A functional-structural plant model was developed to simulate radiation interception by trees and was then coupled to the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model to simulate the production of forage biomass. Considering solar radiation as the main resource under competition, water interactions that occur under-ground between Eucalyptus and Maranu palisade grass were not considered. The models were calibrated with experimental data collected in silvopastoral systems in Brazil. The silvopastoral systems were selected according to a combination of tree row spacing (15, 30, and 45 m), two row orientations (north-south and east-west), and single or triple rows. Simulations were replicated for different tree ages (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years) representing different levels of shading.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Our simulations show that the tree arrangement has a significant effect on the incidence of radiation on the pasture, resulting in different levels of forage production. Row spacing of 30 and 45 m is suitable for providing forage for the animals for several years. In contrast, tree arrangements with a row spacing of 15 m or triple lines demand more careful planning and management, taking into account the soil and climatic characteristics of each region. Lower declines in the forage production were observed in arrangements of 45 m, varying from 1000 and 3000 kg ha⁻¹ after 6 years of system establishment. In this period, the annual production level was lower than 14,000 kg ha⁻¹ for arrangments with row spacing of 15 and 30 m, being recommend pruning and thinning practices aiming to increase the radiation incidence within the system.

SIGNIFICANCE

The approach used in this study can be extended to other combinations of species and environments to aid the planning and management of this kind of system.

中文翻译：

了解巴西桉树-马兰杜栅栏草林牧系统的布局

语境

有限的可用土地和不断增长的全球人口是未来几十年农业部门面临的挑战。林牧系统是全日照牧场的有效替代方案，可用于可持续地集约化动物和作物生产。然而，由于缺乏关于如何安排这种系统中的树木以避免对牧场生长的不利影响的知识，该系统的采用受到阻碍。

客观的

本研究的目的是测试桉树-马兰杜栅栏草林牧系统中树木的不同排列，并评估其在巴西不同地区的表现。

方法

开发了一种功能结构植物模型来模拟树木对辐射的拦截，然后与 CROPGRO-多年生草料模型耦合以模拟草料生物量的生产。考虑到太阳辐射是竞争的主要资源，桉树和 Maranu 栅栏草在地下发生的水相互作用没有被考虑。这些模型使用在巴西林牧系统中收集的实验数据进行校准。根据树行间距（15、30 和 45 m）、两行方向（南北和东西）以及单行或三行的组合选择林牧系统。对代表不同阴影级别的不同树龄（2、4、6、8、10 和 12 年）进行了模拟。

结果和结论

我们的模拟表明，树木的排列对牧场的辐射发生率有显着影响，导致草料生产水平不同。30和45 m的行距适合为动物提供数年的饲料。相比之下，行距为 15 m 或三行的树木布置需要更仔细的规划和管理，并考虑到每个地区的土壤和气候特征。在系统建立 6 年后，在 45 m 的布置中观察到草料产量的下降幅度较小，从 1000 到 3000 kg ha ^-1不等。在此期间，年产量水平低于 14,000 kg ha ^-1 对于行距为 15 和 30 m 的布置，建议采用修剪和细化做法，以增加系统内的辐射入射率。