Visual attention is a fundamental aspect of most everyday decisions, and governments and companies spend vast resources competing for the attention of decision makers. In natural environments, choice options differ on a variety of visual factors, such as salience, position, or surface size. However, most decision theories ignore such visual factors, focusing on cognitive factors such as preferences as determinants of attention. To provide a systematic review of how the visual environment guides attention we meta-analyze 122 effect sizes on eye movements in decision making. A psychometric meta-analysis and Top10 sensitivity analysis show that visual factors play a similar or larger role than cognitive factors in determining attention. The visual factors that most influence attention are positioning information centrally, ρ = .43 (Top10 = .67), increasing the surface size, ρ = .35 (Top10 = .43), reducing the set size of competing information elements, ρ = .24 (Top10 = .24), and increasing visual salience, ρ = .13 (Top10 = .24). Cognitive factors include attending more to preferred choice options and attributes, ρ = .36 (Top10 = .31), effects of task instructions on attention, ρ = .35 (Top10 = .21), and attending more to the ultimately chosen option, ρ = .59 (Top10 = .26). Understanding real-world decision making will require the integration of both visual and cognitive factors in future theories of attention and decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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决策中的视觉环境和注意力。

视觉注意力是大多数日常决策的基本方面，政府和公司花费大量资源来争夺决策者的注意力。在自然环境中，选择选项因各种视觉因素而异，例如显着性、位置或表面尺寸。然而，大多数决策理论忽略了这些视觉因素，将认知因素如偏好作为注意力的决定因素。为了系统评价视觉环境如何引导注意力，我们元分析了决策中眼球运动的 122 种效应量。心理测量元分析和 Top10 敏感性分析表明，视觉因素在决定注意力方面发挥的作用与认知因素相似或更大。最影响注意力的视觉因素是集中定位信息，ρ = .43 (Top10 = .67)，增加表面大小，ρ = .35 (Top10 = .43)，减小竞争信息元素的集合大小，ρ = .24 (Top10 = .24)，并增加视觉显着性，ρ = .13 (Top10 = .24 ）。认知因素包括更多地关注首选选项和属性，ρ = .36 (Top10 = .31)，任务指令对注意力的影响，ρ = .35 (Top10 = .21)，以及更多地关注最终选择的选项， ρ = .59 (Top10 = .26)。理解现实世界的决策需要在未来的注意力和决策理论中整合视觉和认知因素。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。认知因素包括更多地关注首选选项和属性，ρ = .36 (Top10 = .31)，任务指令对注意力的影响，ρ = .35 (Top10 = .21)，以及更多地关注最终选择的选项， ρ = .59 (Top10 = .26)。理解现实世界的决策需要在未来的注意力和决策理论中整合视觉和认知因素。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。认知因素包括更多地关注首选选项和属性，ρ = .36 (Top10 = .31)，任务指令对注意力的影响，ρ = .35 (Top10 = .21)，以及更多地关注最终选择的选项， ρ = .59 (Top10 = .26)。理解现实世界的决策需要在未来的注意力和决策理论中整合视觉和认知因素。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。