The increasing need for portable and large-scale energy storage systems requires development of new, long lasting and highly efficient battery systems. Solid state NMR spectroscopy has emerged as an excellent method for characterizing battery materials. Yet, it is limited when it comes to probing thin interfacial layers which play a central role in the performance and lifetime of battery cells. Here we review how Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) can lift the sensitivity limitation and enable detection of the electrode-electrolyte interface, as well as the bulk of some electrode and electrolyte systems. We describe the current challenges from the point of view of materials development; considering how the unique electronic, magnetic and chemical properties differentiate battery materials from other applications of DNP in materials science. We review the current applications of exogenous and endogenous DNP from radicals, conduction electrons and paramagnetic metal ions. Finally, we provide our perspective on the opportunities and directions where battery materials can benefit from current DNP methodologies as well as project on future developments that will enable NMR investigation of battery materials with sensitivity and selectivity under ambient conditions.

对便携式和大规模储能系统的需求日益增加，需要开发新的、持久耐用的高效电池系统。固态核磁共振波谱已成为表征电池材料的一种极好的方法。然而，在探测薄界面层时，它是有限的，因为界面层对电池的性能和寿命起着核心作用。在这里，我们回顾了动态核极化 (DNP) 如何解除灵敏度限制并实现对电极-电解质界面以及大部分电极和电解质系统的检测。我们从材料开发的角度描述了当前的挑战；考虑独特的电子、磁性和化学特性如何将电池材料与 DNP 在材料科学中的其他应用区分开来。我们回顾了自由基、传导电子和顺磁性金属离子的外源性和内源性 DNP 的当前应用。最后，我们就电池材料可以从当前 DNP 方法中受益的机会和方向以及未来发展项目提供了我们的观点，这些项目将使核磁共振研究能够在环境条件下对电池材料进行灵敏度和选择性的研究。