Judicial reasoning about police expertise has toggled between two distinct conceptions of expertise itself: as a professional virtue or a professional technology. Taking stock of both views offers new strategies in a range of disputes about police misconduct. It also illuminates debates about expertise and deference beyond the criminal law.  

 

中文翻译：

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重新思考警察专业知识

关于警察专业知识的司法推理在专业知识本身的两种不同概念之间切换：作为专业美德或专业技术。综合这两种观点可以为解决一系列有关警察不当行为的争议提供新的策略。它还阐明了关于刑法以外的专业知识和尊重的辩论。