Stratospheric aerosol, temperature, and ozone anomalies after the 2020 Australian bushfires are documented from satellite observations. Aerosol extinction is enhanced in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) lower stratosphere (LS) in early 2020, comparable in magnitude to the Calbuco eruption in 2015. Warm temperature anomalies of 1–2 K occur in the SH LS during January-April 2020 and are coincident with enhanced aerosols. Radiative heating is indicated through anomalous temperature correlations between lower and higher latitudes. LS ozone shows midlatitude decreases several months after the aerosol maximum and before the polar vortex breakup, reaching extreme minima over the available OMPS record since 2011. Antarctic ozone depletion in the LS in 2020 reached a decadal low for both magnitude and persistence during November-December, along with record low polar temperatures and a strong polar vortex. Overall, the polar ozone depletion, temperature, and polar vortex evolution broadly resembled the effects of the Calbuco eruption in 2015.

中文翻译：

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与 2020 年澳大利亚新年火灾相关的平流层温度和臭氧异常

卫星观测记录了 2020 年澳大利亚丛林大火之后的平流层气溶胶、温度和臭氧异常。2020 年初南半球 (SH) 平流层低层 (LS) 的气溶胶消光增强，其强度与 2015 年的 Calbuco 火山喷发相当。 2020 年 1 月至 4 月期间，南半球 (SH) 低平流层 (LS) 出现 1-2 K 的暖温异常与增强的气溶胶一致。辐射加热是通过低纬度和高纬度之间的异常温度相关性来表示的。LS 臭氧显示中纬度在气溶胶最大值后数月和极地涡旋破裂之前降低，达到 2011 年以来现有 OMPS 记录的极小值。 2020 年 LS 的南极臭氧消耗量在 11 月至 12 月期间达到了十年低点，无论是强度还是持续性, 伴随着创纪录的低极地温度和强烈的极地涡旋。总体而言，极地臭氧消耗、温度和极地涡旋演变与 2015 年卡尔布科火山喷发的影响大致相似。