A significant body of research examines ethnic-racial socialization among families of color, yet rarely investigates the influence of youths’ phenotype (e.g., skin color) on ethnic-racial socialization. How families of color make meaning of youths’ skin color may cause variation in ethnic-racial socialization. To address this gap, we propose the Phenomenological Ethnic-Racial Socialization Conceptual Model, which details how the meaning families of color make of phenotype within contexts and in consideration of youths’ identities affects ethnic-racial socialization. In the application of the model to U.S. Black and Latino youth and families, we specifically focus on how the meaning of skin color, affected by context and immigrant identity, can influence ethnic-racial socialization. Theoretical frameworks that can be used to investigate components and relations within the model are briefly discussed. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for research and practice, limitations of the conceptual model, and future research.

中文翻译：

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透过万花筒看：现象学的种族-种族社会化概念模型及其在美国黑人和拉丁裔青年和家庭中的应用

大量研究考察了有色人种家庭的种族社会化，但很少调查青年表型（例如肤色）对种族社会化的影响。有色人种家庭如何理解青少年的肤色可能会导致种族社会化的差异。为了解决这一差距，我们提出了现象学种族-种族社会化概念模型，该模型详细说明了有色人种的意义家庭如何在上下文中以及考虑到青年身份影响种族-种族社会化。在将该模型应用于美国黑人和拉丁裔青年和家庭时，我们特别关注受背景和移民身份影响的肤色含义如何影响种族-种族社会化。简要讨论了可用于研究模型中的组件和关系的理论框架。最后，我们讨论了对研究和实践的影响、概念模型的局限性以及未来的研究。