Loading noble metals into alkali metal-rich adsorbents for carbon recovery is a promising strategy to improve the environment. In this work, self-assembled metakaolin-based geopolymer microspheres GNaA were prepared by a one-pot suspension solidification method, and then Ni(II), Pd(II) or Pt(IV) was adsorbed. M-GNaA (M = Ni1, Ni5, Pd1, Pd5, Pt1, Pt5) were successfully prepared as supported catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO₂, and their catalytic performance was compared. The adsorbed Ni, Pd or Pt formed highly dispersed nanoparticles under the action of alkali metals in geopolymer. Pt5-GNaA maintained the original dispersed state even after multiple cycles and long-term testing. The results show that the size of Pt particles can be adjusted and that the large-area agglomeration of active metals can be inhibited by Na⁺ in geopolymer. The presence of −OH in geopolymer makes the Pt nanocluster reaction approximate to a single-atom reaction. These findings indicate that it is feasible to rationally design catalyst activity and chemoselectivity by using geopolymer to support nanoclusters for CO₂ hydrogenation.

将贵金属负载到富含碱金属的吸附剂中以回收碳是改善环境的一种有前景的策略。在这项工作中，通过一锅悬浮凝固法制备自组装偏高岭土基地质聚合物微球 GNaA，然后吸附 Ni(II)、Pd(II) 或 Pt(IV)。M-GNaA (M = Ni1, Ni5, Pd1, Pd5, Pt1, Pt5) 被成功制备为负载型催化剂用于 CO ₂加氢，并比较了它们的催化性能。吸附的Ni、Pd或Pt在地质聚合物中碱金属的作用下形成高度分散的纳米颗粒。即使经过多次循环和长期测试，Pt5-GNaA 仍保持原始分散状态。结果表明，地聚合物中的Na ⁺可以调节Pt颗粒的大小，抑制活性金属的大面积团聚。地质聚合物中 -OH 的存在使 Pt 纳米团簇反应接近于单原子反应。这些发现表明，通过使用地质聚合物支持纳米团簇进行 CO ₂加氢，合理设计催化剂活性和化学选择性是可行的。