Seismic facies and lithofacies analysis, once considered a breakthrough in exploration applications, is currently a dynamic field because of the addition of several new concepts and interpretive procedures. In terms of basic theory, notable developments have taken place that encompass refinements in geological and geophysical concepts, including several enhancements to sequence-stratigraphic and facies distribution models, better knowledge of seismic response mechanism to small-scale stratigraphic structures and different rock types, as well as the emergence of new technologies, such as the one allows the restoration of original depositional architecture and spectral decomposition. A seismic facies analysis index system is proposed that includes nine independent parameters: position, external form, internal configuration, continuity, smoothness, amplitude, frequency, special waveforms, and appearance. The sedimentary systems established by traditional seismic facies analysis lack detailed lithofacies and hydrodynamic information. However, presently further subdivision of seismic lithofacies into more detailed categories is now possible, made available by the addition of new seismic parameters that are indicative of sedimentary structure and rock-type combinations. This enables interpreters to identify lithofacies details directly from the seismic data and reconstruct the sedimentary systems with greater precision (by superposition of the environment, lithofacies and flow paths). The seismic slice image analysis, including seismic geomorphology and seismic sedimentology, employs a stratal time slice, 90° phase shift, and spectral decomposition techniques to improve the resolution of the slice images, describe sedimentary micro-facies and understand sedimentary processes based on the geometric features of the time slice. The seismic facies auto-classification techniques are still at an early stage of development, but significant possibilities exist for future enhancements if the new seismic index system, where the accumulated knowledge of the skilled experts could be utilized advantageously. This paper will also serve as a summary of the state-of-the-art of seismic facies analysis.

地震相和岩相分析曾经被认为是勘探应用的突破，但由于增加了几个新概念和解释程序，它目前是一个动态领域。在基础理论方面，包括地质和地球物理概念的改进，包括对层序地层和相分布模型的若干改进，对小规模地层结构和不同岩石类型的地震响应机制的更好了解，取得了显着的进展，如以及新技术的出现，例如一种允许恢复原始沉积结构和光谱分解的技术。提出了一个地震相分析指标体系，它包括九个独立的参数：位置、外部形式、内部配置、连续性、平滑度、幅度、频率、特殊波形和外观。传统地震相分析建立的沉积体系缺乏详细的岩相和水动力信息。然而，现在可以通过添加指示沉积结构和岩石类型组合的新地震参数将地震岩相进一步细分为更详细的类别。这使解释者能够直接从地震数据中识别岩相细节，并更精确地重建沉积系统（通过环境、岩相和流动路径的叠加）。地震切片图像分析，包括地震地貌学和地震沉积学，采用地层时间切片，90°相移，和光谱分解技术，以提高切片图像的分辨率，描述沉积微相并基于时间切片的几何特征了解沉积过程。地震相自动分类技术仍处于发展的早期阶段，但如果新的地震指标系统可以有利地利用熟练专家积累的知识，那么未来的改进存在很大的可能性。本文还将作为对最新的地震相分析技术的总结。但是，如果新的地震指数系统可以有利地利用熟练专家积累的知识，那么未来的改进就有很大的可能性。本文还将作为对最新的地震相分析技术的总结。但是，如果新的地震指数系统可以有利地利用熟练专家积累的知识，那么未来的改进就有很大的可能性。本文还将作为对最新的地震相分析技术的总结。