The aim of this review is to understand what is known about the genetic and environmental influences on the development of psychopathy. Psychopathy is considered a personality structure in which affective, interpersonal, and behavioral deficits are evidenced. Both genetic and environmental effects contribute to the development of this personality structure. In this systematic review, documents from several databases were analyzed, following the PRISMA guidelines. To avoid publication and source selection bias, these database searches were supplemented by an additional manual search. A total of 159 studies, published between 1981 and 2021, were identified from all databases and search methods. The studies' abstracts were available, and 37 studies were selected. In addition, two studies were included from the manual research. Thus, a total of 39 studies were selected for review. The results of the studies suggest that the monoamine oxidase genotype (MAOA), dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), dopamine receptor D5 (DRD5) and serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) are frequently associated with antisocial behavior, although with different behavioral manifestations between men and women, and that the dopamine receptor gene alleles (DRD2 and DRD4) are good delinquency predictors. In addition, genetic and non-shared environmental factors are those with the most influence on antisocial behavior, specifically psychopathy, with the correlation values of monozygotic twins being higher than those of dizygotic twins, thus demonstrating the importance of genes. It was concluded that genetic factors influence the development of both antisocial behavior and psychopathy. However, environmental factors often contribute to the exacerbation of genetic factors.

本综述的目的是了解遗传和环境对精神病发展的影响。精神病被认为是一种人格结构，其中表现出情感、人际关系和行为缺陷。遗传和环境影响都有助于这种人格结构的发展。在本系统评价中，按照 PRISMA 指南分析了来自多个数据库的文件。为避免发表和来源选择偏差，这些数据库搜索补充了额外的手动搜索。从所有数据库和搜索方法中确定了 1981 年至 2021 年间发表的总共 159 项研究。这些研究的摘要是可用的，并且选择了 37 项研究。此外，手工研究还包括两项研究。因此，总共选择了 39 项研究进行审查。研究结果表明，单胺氧化酶基因型 (MAOA)、多巴胺转运蛋白基因 (DAT1)、多巴胺受体 D5 (DRD5) 和血清素转运蛋白基因 (5HTTLPR) 经常与反社会行为相关，尽管男性和女性之间的行为表现不同。女性，并且多巴胺受体基因等位基因（DRD2 和 DRD4）是良好的犯罪预测指标。此外，遗传和非共享环境因素是对反社会行为影响最大的因素，特别是精神病，同卵双胞胎的相关值高于异卵双胞胎，从而证明基因的重要性。结论是遗传因素影响反社会行为和精神病的发展。然而，