Energy demand is increasing globally owing to population growth. Solar cell development has gained considerable attention because of its potential to provide everyone with sustainable, affordable, clean, and globally accessible energy. A heterojunction solar device for photovoltaic applications was developed in this study, using nickel oxide (NiO) as the p-type and titanium oxide (TiO2) as the n-type. The material chosen was motivated by the affordability, availability, and performance compared to existing silicon that is more efficient but less affordable and available. The TiO₂ and NiO₂ were synthesised and characterised before the deposition and characterisation of the solar cells. The characterisation was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe. The deposition parameters were fine-tuned to achieve optimum optoelectronic properties for the solar device. The final device exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 370 mV, a current density of 1.7 mA, and solar cells efficiency of 3.7.

中文翻译：

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用于光伏应用的 p-NiO/n-TiO2 太阳能器件的制造

由于人口增长，全球能源需求正在增加。太阳能电池的开发因其为每个人提供可持续、负担得起、清洁和全球可及的能源的潜力而受到广泛关注。本研究开发了一种用于光伏应用的异质结太阳能装置，使用氧化镍 (NiO) 作为 p 型，使用氧化钛 (TiO2) 作为 n 型。选择材料的动机是与现有的硅相比，它的可负担性、可用性和性能更高，但更便宜但更便宜。TiO ₂和 NiO ₂在太阳能电池的沉积和表征之前合成和表征。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、EDX、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和四点探针进行表征。对沉积参数进行微调，以实现太阳能装置的最佳光电性能。最终器件的开路电压为 370 mV，电流密度为 1.7 mA，太阳能电池效率为 3.7。