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Argon low-pressure plasma treatment to stainless steel particles to augment the wear resistance of Cu-free brake-pads
Tribology International ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107366
Navnath Kalel 1 , Bhaskaranand Bhatt 1 , Ashish Darpe 2 , Jayashree Bijwe 1
Affiliation  

Nowadays, the usage of Copper in brake friction materials (FMs)/pads is a major concern in the brake industry. Despite some of the earlier attempts for the Cu substitution, an issue with high wear of FMs due to their low adhesion of metal particles with the matrix (i.e., phenolic resin) is still largely unresolved. In the current study, the surface energy (SE) of stainless steels (SS316, SS410) and Cu particles was augmented using the right kind of plasma in optimized dose to improve the wettability/adhesion of metal particles with the matrix. The SE of treated particles increased significantly due to the reduction of oxides from the surfaces. A series of seven types of brake-pads was developed containing 3 vol% of SS and Cu (untreated and treated) particles as the theme ingredients keeping parent composition fixed. A reference pad without metal particles was also developed for benchmarking. The developed pads were characterized for physical properties and then evaluated for the tribological and noise-vibration (NV) performance on a brake-dynamometer following global test standards. The results revealed that the pads with treated SS and Cu particles showed a higher fade resistance (~ 2–3%) and reduced wear by ~ 10% compared to the pads with untreated particles. Overall, based on optimized technique, treated SS316 particles proved the best. The underlying mechanisms were studied through worn surface analysis using a field emission scanning electron microscope attached (FESEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).



中文翻译:

氩气低压等离子处理不锈钢颗粒以增强无铜刹车片的耐磨性

如今,在刹车摩擦材料 (FM)/刹车片中使用铜是刹车行业的一个主要问题。尽管有一些早期的 Cu 替代尝试,但由于金属颗粒与基体(即酚醛树脂)的低附着力而导致 FM 高磨损的问题在很大程度上仍未得到解决。在当前的研究中,不锈钢(SS316、SS410)和铜颗粒的表面能 (SE) 使用优化剂量的正确类型的等离子体来增强,以提高金属颗粒与基体的润湿性/粘附性。由于表面氧化物的减少,处理过的颗粒的 SE 显着增加。开发了一系列七种类型的刹车片,其中包含 3 vol% 的 SS 和 Cu(未处理和处理)颗粒作为主题成分,保持母体成分固定。还开发了一种不含金属颗粒的参考垫,用于基准测试。对开发的刹车片进行物理特性表征,然后根据全球测试标准在制动测功机上评估摩擦学和噪声振动 (NV) 性能。结果表明,与带有未处理颗粒的垫相比,带有处理过的 SS 和 Cu 颗粒的垫具有更高的抗褪色性(~2-3%),并且磨损减少了~10%。总体而言,基于优化技术,经处理的 SS316 颗粒被证明是最好的。使用带有能量色散 X 射线光谱仪 (EDAX) 的场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM),通过磨损表面分析来研究潜在机制。对开发的刹车片进行物理特性表征,然后根据全球测试标准在制动测功机上评估摩擦学和噪声振动 (NV) 性能。结果表明,与带有未处理颗粒的垫相比,带有处理过的 SS 和 Cu 颗粒的垫具有更高的抗褪色性(~2-3%),并且磨损减少了~10%。总体而言,基于优化技术,经处理的 SS316 颗粒被证明是最好的。使用带有能量色散 X 射线光谱仪 (EDAX) 的场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM),通过磨损表面分析来研究潜在机制。对开发的刹车片进行物理特性表征,然后根据全球测试标准在制动测功机上评估摩擦学和噪声振动 (NV) 性能。结果表明,与带有未处理颗粒的垫相比,带有处理过的 SS 和 Cu 颗粒的垫具有更高的抗褪色性(~2-3%),并且磨损减少了~10%。总体而言,基于优化技术,经处理的 SS316 颗粒被证明是最好的。使用带有能量色散 X 射线光谱仪 (EDAX) 的场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM),通过磨损表面分析来研究潜在机制。结果表明,与带有未处理颗粒的垫相比,带有处理过的 SS 和 Cu 颗粒的垫具有更高的抗褪色性(~2-3%),并且磨损减少了~10%。总体而言,基于优化技术,经处理的 SS316 颗粒被证明是最好的。使用带有能量色散 X 射线光谱仪 (EDAX) 的场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM),通过磨损表面分析来研究潜在机制。结果表明,与带有未处理颗粒的垫相比,带有处理过的 SS 和 Cu 颗粒的垫具有更高的抗褪色性(~2-3%),并且磨损减少了~10%。总体而言,基于优化技术,经处理的 SS316 颗粒被证明是最好的。使用带有能量色散 X 射线光谱仪 (EDAX) 的场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM),通过磨损表面分析来研究潜在机制。

更新日期:2021-11-30
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