Background: Monitoring emerging trends in the increasingly dynamic European drug market is vital; however, information on change at the individual level is scarce. In the current study, we investigated changes in drug use over 12 months in European nightlife attendees. Method: In this longitudinal online survey, changes in substances used, use frequency in continued users, and relative initiation of use at follow-up were assessed for 20 different substances. To take part, participants had to be aged 18–34 years; be from Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, or the UK; and have attended at least 6 electronic music events in the past 12 months at baseline. Of 8,045 volunteers at baseline, 2,897 completed the survey at both time points (36% follow-up rate), in 2017 and 2018. Results: The number of people using ketamine increased by 21% (p #x3c; 0.001), and logarithmized frequency of use in those continuing use increased by 15% (p #x3c; 0.001; 95% CI: 0.07–0.23). 4-Fluoroamphetamine use decreased by 27% (p #x3c; 0.001), and logarithmized frequency of use in continuing users decreased by 15% (p #x3c; 0.001, 95% CI: −0.48 to −0.23). The drugs with the greatest proportion of relative initiation at follow-up were synthetic cannabinoids (73%, N = 30), mephedrone (44%, N = 18), alkyl nitrites (42%, N = 147), synthetic dissociatives (41%, N = 15), and prescription opioids (40%, N = 48). Conclusions: In this European nightlife sample, ketamine was found to have the biggest increase in the past 12 months, which occurred alongside an increase in frequency of use in continuing users. The patterns of uptake and discontinuation of alkyl nitrates, novel psychoactive substances, and prescription opioids provide new information that has not been captured by existing cross-sectional surveys. These findings demonstrate the importance of longitudinal assessments of drug use and highlight the dynamic nature of the European drug landscape.
Eur Addict Res

中文翻译：

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个人层面的药物使用变化：对经常光顾夜生活的欧洲年轻人进行的纵向多地点调查结果

背景：监测日益活跃的欧洲药品市场的新兴趋势至关重要；然而，关于个人层面变化的信息很少。在目前的研究中，我们调查了欧洲夜生活参与者 12 个月内药物使用的变化。方法：在这项纵向在线调查中，评估了 20 种不同物质的使用物质变化、持续用户的使用频率以及后续使用的相对开始。要参加，参与者的年龄必须在 18-34 岁之间；来自比利时、意大利、荷兰、瑞典或英国；并且在过去 12 个月内参加了至少 6 场电子音乐活动。在基线的 8,045 名志愿者中，2,897 人在 2017 年和 2018 年的两个时间点完成了调查（36% 的随访率）。结果：使用氯胺酮的人数增加了 21%（p #x3c；0.001），持续使用的对数使用频率增加了 15%（p #x3c；0.001；95% CI：0.07–0.23）。4-氟苯丙胺的使用减少了 27%（p #x3c；0.001），持续用户的对数使用频率减少了 15%（p #x3c；0.001, 95% CI：-0.48 至 -0.23）。随访中相对起始比例最大的药物是合成大麻素（73%，N = 30）、甲氧麻黄酮（44%，N = 18）、亚硝酸烷基酯（42%，N = 147）、合成解离剂（41 %，N = 15）和处方阿片类药物（40%，N = 48）。结论：在这个欧洲夜生活样本中，发现氯胺酮在过去 12 个月中增幅最大，这与持续使用者的使用频率增加同时发生。硝酸烷基酯、新型精神活性物质和处方阿片类药物的摄取和停药模式提供了现有横断面调查尚未捕获的新信息。这些发现证明了对药物使用进行纵向评估的重要性，并突出了欧洲药物格局的动态性质。
欧洲瘾君子水库