Inflammation is an integral part of animal biology. It provides critical protection from adverse environmental factors by enforcing the defense of homeostasis and the functional and structural integrity of tissues and organs. Recent advances have uncovered a broad range of biological processes that involve inflammatory control, calling for a renewed framework of inflammation beyond its classical roles in defense from infection and injury. In this Review, new perspectives on inflammation biology are discussed and new research directions are suggested to address the fundamental gaps in our current understanding.

中文翻译：

---

炎症反应谱

炎症是动物生物学的一个组成部分。它通过加强对体内平衡的防御以及组织和器官的功能和结构完整性来提供对不利环境因素的关键保护。最近的进展已经揭示了涉及炎症控制的广泛生物过程，需要一种新的炎症框架，超越其在防御感染和损伤方面的经典作用。在这篇综述中，讨论了炎症生物学的新观点，并提出了新的研究方向，以解决我们目前理解的基本差距。