Evaluation of soil properties that enable aggregates to resist breakdown from impacting water drops is useful in modeling soil erosion process and tillage of some tropical soils. The effect of applications of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes on soil properties related to resistance of aggregates of a degraded ultisol to water drops detachment energy (D) in southern Nigeria was studied. The area was under continuous field trials for maize crop. The treatments were: control (PM0SM0), 5 and 10 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure (PM5 and PM10, respectively), 5 and 10 t ha⁻¹ spent mushroom wastes (SM5 and SM10, respectively), and 5 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure plus 5 t ha⁻¹ spent mushroom wastes (PM5 + SM5) applied in seven consecutive years. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in five replications. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, organic matter, aggregate stability, water retention, bulk density, clay mineralogy and water drop test. Results revealed that seven-year applications of PM5, SM5, SM10, and PM5 + SM5 treatments had significant positive effects on soil structural and hydraulic properties than PM10. However, in comparison to PM0SM0, applications of 10 t ha⁻¹ PM had significant positive effects on these properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was 46.6, 35.4, 32.6 and 25.5 cm h⁻¹ in PM5 + SM5, SM10, SM5 and PM10 soils, respectively; compared to 9.6 cm h⁻¹ in PM0SM0. A low aggregate ratio (AR) obtained for PM10 compared to higher values for SM10 and PM5 + SM5 suggest that PM10 in this case had a disaggregating effect on the soil aggregates. Sand content accounted for 81.2% of negative effect on water drop detachment energy (D), while clay content accounted for 86.8% of the positive correlation with D. Only water-stable aggregates (WSA) 0.5–0.25 mm had a significant positive correlation with D (r = 0.661, p < 0.05). Clay dispersion index (CDI) had a highly negative correlation with D (r = − 0.896, p < 0.01). Volumetric water content at FC (− 10 kPa) and PWP (− 1500 kPa) correlated positively with D (r = 0.618, P < 0.05 and r = 0.614, p < 0.05). There was a non-significant positive correlation of Muscovite and Berlinite with D. Significant positive correlations of calcite with D (r = 0.694, p < 0.05), and between mica and D (r = 0.731, p < 0.05), revealed their strong linkage with macro-aggregate stability. It was found that high rates of poultry manure alone could increased erodibility and decreased water retention at FC and PWP, while a combination of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes could reduce erodibility. These properties could be used to make a quick inference on the resistance of soil aggregates to water drop impact.

评估使聚集体能够抵抗撞击水滴分解的土壤特性对于模拟土壤侵蚀过程和一些热带土壤的耕作很有用。研究了在尼日利亚南部，家禽粪便和蘑菇废料的应用对土壤特性的影响，这些特性与降解的 ultisol 的聚集体对水滴分离能 (D) 的抵抗力有关。该地区正在进行玉米作物的连续田间试验。处理为：对照 (PM0SM0)、5 和 10 吨公顷^-1家禽粪便（分别为 PM5 和 PM10）、5 和 10 吨公顷^-1用过的蘑菇废物（分别为 SM5 和 SM10）和 5 吨公顷^-1家禽粪便加 5 吨公顷^-1连续七年施用蘑菇废料（PM5 + SM5）。实验设计是五次重复的随机完整区组设计 (RCBD)。对土壤样品的质地、有机质、聚集体稳定性、保水性、堆积密度、粘土矿物学和水滴试验进行了分析。结果表明，PM5、SM5、SM10 和 PM5 + SM5 处理的 7 年应用对土壤结构和水力特性的影响比 PM10 显着。然而，与 PM0SM0 相比，10 t ha ^-1 PM 的应用对这些特性具有显着的积极影响。PM5 + SM5、SM10、SM5 和 PM10 土壤中的饱和导水率分别为 46.6、35.4、32.6 和 25.5 cm h ^-1；与 9.6 cm h ^-1相比在 PM0SM0 中。与 SM10 和 PM5 + SM5 的较高值相比，PM10 获得的低团聚率 (AR) 表明在这种情况下 PM10 对土壤团聚体有分解作用。砂含量对水滴脱离能（D）的负面影响占 81.2%，而粘土含量占与 D 正相关的 86.8%。只有水稳性骨料（WSA）0.5-0.25 mm 与 D 呈显着正相关。 D (r = 0.661, p < 0.05)。粘土分散指数 (CDI) 与 D 呈高度负相关（r = - 0.896，p < 0.01）。FC (- 10 kPa) 和 PWP (- 1500 kPa) 的体积含水量与 D 呈正相关（r = 0.618，P < 0.05 和 r = 0.614，p < 0.05）。白云母和柏林石与 D 存在非显着正相关。方解石与 D 显着正相关（r = 0。694，p < 0.05），以及云母和 D 之间（r = 0.731，p < 0.05），揭示了它们与大聚合稳定性的强关联。结果表明，单独使用高比例的家禽粪便可以增加 FC 和 PWP 的可蚀性并降低保水率，而结合使用家禽粪便和用过的蘑菇废物可以降低可蚀性。这些特性可用于快速推断土壤团聚体对水滴冲击的抵抗力。