Cells are constantly challenged by internal or external genotoxic assaults, which may induce a high frequency of DNA lesions, leading to genome instability. Accumulation of damaged DNA is severe or even lethal to cells and can result in abnormal proliferation that can cause cancer in multicellular organisms, aging or cell death. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a comprehensive defence system termed the DNA damage response (DDR) to monitor and remove lesions in their DNA. The DDR has been extensively studied in the budding yeast . Emerging evidence indicates that DDR genes in the pathogenic fungus show functional consistency with their orthologs in , but may act through distinct mechanisms. In particular, the DDR in appears critical for resisting DNA damage stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from immune cells, and this plays a vital role in pathogenicity. Therefore, DDR genes could be considered as potential targets for clinical therapies. This review summarizes the identified DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes in based on their orthologs in , and discusses their contribution to pathogenicity in .

中文翻译：

---

DNA 损伤检查点和修复：从芽殖酵母酿酒酵母到致病真菌白色念珠菌


细胞不断受到内部或外部基因毒性攻击的挑战，这可能会诱发高频率的 DNA 损伤，导致基因组不稳定。受损 DNA 的积累对细胞来说是严重的甚至是致命的，并可能导致异常增殖，从而导致多细胞生物体癌症、衰老或细胞死亡。真核细胞已经进化出一种称为 DNA 损伤反应 (DDR) 的综合防御系统，用于监测和消除 DNA 中的损伤。 DDR 已在芽殖酵母中进行了广泛的研究。新出现的证据表明，致病真菌中的 DDR 基因与其直系同源物表现出功能一致性，但可能通过不同的机制发挥作用。特别是，DDR 对于抵抗免疫细胞产生的活性氧 (ROS) 诱导的 DNA 损伤应激至关重要，这在致病性中起着至关重要的作用。因此，DDR基因可被视为临床治疗的潜在靶点。这篇综述根据 中的直向同源物总结了已识别的 DNA 损伤检查点和修复基因，并讨论了它们对致病性的贡献。