Reinforcers can be delivered dependent on or independent of responding. Both human and nonhuman animals have shown a preference for contexts involving contingent reinforcement, but the generality of this phenomenon to humans and its implications have not yet been described. We present an integrative summary of studies evaluating preference for contingent versus noncontingent reinforcement, including (a) study participants, reinforcer types, response topographies, and contexts; (b) outcomes; (c) potential variables influencing preference outcomes; and (d) suggestions regarding research to expand behavior analysts' ability to design preferred contexts.

中文翻译：

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关于偶然强化偏好的一般性

可以依赖或独立于响应来交付强化物。人类和非人类动物都表现出对涉及条件强化的环境的偏好，但这种现象对人类的普遍性及其影响尚未被描述。我们对评估对或有强化与非或有强化的偏好的研究进行了综合总结，包括（a）研究参与者、强化物类型、反应拓扑和背景；(b) 结果；(c) 影响偏好结果的潜在变量；(d) 关于研究以扩展行为分析师设计首选情境的能力的建议。