Rubber products and debris with specific chemical signatures can release their constitutive compounds into the surrounding environment. We investigated the chemical toxicity of different types of new and used rubber products (tires, crumb rubber granulates, aquaculture rubber bands) on early life stages of a model marine organism, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Leachates obtained from used products were generally less toxic than those from new ones. Leachates from new products induced embryotoxicity at different concentrations: oyster-farming rubber bands (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC = 1 g L^-1) and crumb rubber granulates (LOEC = 1 g L^-1) > tires (LOEC = 10 g L^-1). Moreover, new oyster-farming rubber bands induced spermiotoxicity at 10 g L^-1 (-29% survival) resulting in decreased oyster reproductive output (-17% fertilization yield). Targeted chemical analyses revealed some compounds (2 mineral contaminants, 15 PAHs, 2 PCBs) in leachates, which may have played a role. Rubber used in marine aquaculture (rubber bands) or present at sea as waste (tire, crumb rubber granulates) therefore release hazardous chemical molecules under realistic conditions, which may affect oyster development. Aquaculture development work is necessary to improve practices for eco-safety, as are efforts to limit the contamination of marine environments by terrestrial rubber debris.

具有特定化学特征的橡胶产品和碎片可以将其组成化合物释放到周围环境中。我们研究了不同类型的新型和使用过的橡胶产品（轮胎、橡胶粒、水产养殖橡皮筋）对模型海洋生物太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas ）早期生命阶段的化学毒性。从使用过的产品中获得的渗滤液的毒性通常比从新产品中获得的低。新产品浸出液在不同浓度下诱导胚胎毒性：牡蛎养殖橡皮筋（观察到的最低效应浓度，LOEC = 1  g  L ^-1）和橡胶粒（LOEC = 1  g  L ^-1）>轮胎（LOEC = 10  g  L^-1 )。此外，新的牡蛎养殖橡皮筋在 10  g  L ^-1（-29% 的存活率）下会引起精子毒性，从而导致牡蛎的繁殖产量下降（-17% 的受精率）。有针对性的化学分析揭示了渗滤液中的一些化合物（2 种矿物污染物、15 种多环芳烃、2 种多氯联苯），这可能发挥了作用。用于海洋水产养殖的橡胶（橡皮筋）或作为废物存在于海上的橡胶（轮胎、橡胶粒）因此在现实条件下会释放危险的化学分子，这可能会影响牡蛎的发育。水产养殖发展工作对于改进生态安全实践是必要的，限制陆地橡胶碎片对海洋环境的污染也是如此。