The harmful effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reach the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endothelial function. Therefore, the detrimental multiorgan effects of COVID-19 could be induced by deregulations in ANS that may persist after the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, investigating the differences in ANS response in overweight/obese, and physically inactive participants who had COVID-19 compared to those who did not have the disease is necessary. The aim of the study was to analyze the autonomic function of young adults after mild-to-moderate infection with COVID-19 and to assess whether body mass index (BMI) and levels of physical activity modulates autonomic function in participants with and without COVID-19. Patients previously infected with COVID-19 and healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study. A general anamnesis was taken and BMI and physical activity levels were assessed. The ANS was evaluated through heart rate variability. A total of 57 subjects were evaluated. Sympathetic nervous system activity in post-COVID-19 group was increased (stress index; p=0.0273). They also presented lower values of parasympathetic activity (p<0.05). Overweight/obese subjects in the post-COVID-19 group presented significantly lower parasympathetic activity and reduced global variability compared to non-obese in control group (p<0.05). Physically inactive subjects in post-COVID-19 group presented significantly higher sympathetic activity than active subjects in control group. Parasympathetic activity was significantly increased in physically active subjects in control group compared to the physically inactive post-COVID-19 group (p<0.05). COVID-19 promotes changes in the ANS of young adults, and these changes are modulated by Overweight/obesity and physical activity levels.

中文翻译：

---

身体质量和身体活动在 COVID-19 后病症自主功能调节中的作用：FIT-COVID 研究的观察性子分析

2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的有害影响可影响自主神经系统 (ANS) 和内皮功能。因此，在急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染后，ANS 的放松管制可能会导致 COVID-19 的有害多器官影响。此外，有必要调查患有 COVID-19 的超重/肥胖和身体不活动的参与者与未患有该疾病的参与者在 ANS 反应方面的差异。该研究的目的是分析轻中度感染 COVID-19 后年轻人的自主神经功能，并评估体重指数 (BMI) 和身体活动水平是否会调节患有和未患有 COVID-19 的参与者的自主神经功能。 19. 这项横断面观察性研究招募了先前感染 COVID-19 的患者和健康对照。进行一般病历并评估 BMI 和身体活动水平。ANS 通过心率变异性进行评估。共评估了 57 名受试者。COVID-19 后组的交感神经系统活动增加（压力指数；p=0.0273）。他们还表现出较低的副交感神经活动值（p<0.05）。与对照组中的非肥胖者相比，COVID-19 后组的超重/肥胖者的副交感神经活动显着降低，整体变异性降低（p<0.05）。COVID-19 后组身体不活动的受试者表现出明显高于对照组的活跃受试者的交感神经活动。与身体不活动的 COVID-19 后组相比，对照组中身体活跃的受试者的副交感神经活动显着增加（p <0.05）。COVID-19 促进了年轻人 ANS 的变化，这些变化受超重/肥胖和身体活动水平的调节。