In order to evaluate the accuracy of commercially available handheld fundus cameras for a variety of ophthalmic diagnoses, we conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed and PubMed Central and performing a bivariate analysis to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of handheld fundus cameras. Eleven studies validating handheld fundus cameras against a gold-standard method for disease diagnosis were included. For nonmydriatic images, pooled sensitivity was 83% (95% confidence interval (CI): 77-88%) and specificity was 92% (95% CI: 79-97%). For mydriatic images, pooled sensitivity was 87% (95% CI: 79-92%) and specificity was 90% (95% CI: 78-96%). Overall pooled sensitivity was 85% (95% CI: 80-89%) and specificity was 91% (95% CI: 83-95%). Of the 11 studies included, 5 assessed the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, for which sensitivity was 87% (95% CI: 80-92%) and specificity was 95% (95% CI: 85-98%). For all other diagnoses combined, sensitivity was 81% (95% CI: 74-87%) and specificity was 83% (95% CI: 76-89%). These findings suggest that handheld fundus cameras are capable of achieving acceptable sensitivity and specificity values for eye disease, with mydriatic images being more sensitive for disease. Diabetic retinopathy was the single diagnosis with the strongest data to support the use of handheld fundus cameras for disease screening.

为了评估商用手持式眼底相机对各种眼科诊断的准确性，我们进行了系统评价，搜索了 PubMed 和 PubMed Central，并进行了双变量分析以确定手持式眼底相机的汇总敏感性和特异性。纳入了 11 项针对疾病诊断金标准方法验证手持眼底相机的研究。对于非散瞳图像，综合敏感性为 83%（95% 置信区间 (CI)：77-88%），特异性为 92%（95% CI：79-97%）。用于散瞳图像中，综合敏感性为 87%（95% CI：79-92%），特异性为 90%（95% CI：78-96%）。总体汇总敏感性为 85%（95% CI：80-89%），特异性为 91%（95% CI：83-95%）。在纳入的 11 项研究中，有 5 项评估了糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断，其敏感性为 87%（95% CI：80-92%），特异性为 95%（95% CI：85-98%）。对于所有其他诊断，敏感性为 81%（95% CI：74-87%），特异性为 83%（95% CI：76-89%）。这些研究结果表明，手持式眼底相机能够获得可接受的眼部疾病敏感性和特异性值，散瞳图像对疾病更敏感。糖尿病性视网膜病变是支持使用手持眼底相机进行疾病筛查的最有力数据的单一诊断。