Background: Glucose detection is of great significance in biomedicine. In clinical medicine, diabetes seriously endangers human health. By accurately measuring the blood glucose content of diabetic patients, diabetes can be effectively monitored and treated. At present, there are many methods for measuring glucose content, such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. Among them, electrochemical glucose sensors are widely used because of their high reliability, low cost, and easy operation.

Methods: Combining graphene with other nanomaterials (including graphene, metal oxides, semiconductor nanoparticles, polymers, dye molecules, ionic liquids and biomolecules) is an effective way to expand or enhance the sensing performance.

Results: The composite of graphene and nanomaterials is an effective way to enhance the functionality of the electrochemical sensor. Graphene can accelerate electron transfer and realize direct electrochemistry and biological sensing. At the same time, graphene derivatives with rich composition and structure provide the possibility to further regulate their electrochemical performance. These graphene composite-based biosensors have shown excellent sensitivity and selectivity for glucose detection.

Conclusion: Electrochemical glucose sensors based on graphene composite have received extensive attention. Although these materials have made significant progress in improving the sensitivity, lowering the detection limit and broadening the linear range, there are still facing challenges that require further study.

背景：葡萄糖检测在生物医学中具有重要意义。在临床医学上，糖尿病严重危害人类健康。通过准确测量糖尿病患者的血糖含量，可以有效监测和治疗糖尿病。目前测定葡萄糖含量的方法有很多，如色谱法、光谱法、电化学法等。其中，电化学葡萄糖传感器因其可靠性高、成本低、操作简便等优点而得到广泛应用。

方法：将石墨烯与其他纳米材料（包括石墨烯、金属氧化物、半导体纳米粒子、聚合物、染料分子、离子液体和生物分子）结合是扩展或增强传感性能的有效方法。

结果：石墨烯和纳米材料的复合材料是增强电化学传感器功能的有效方法。石墨烯可以加速电子转移，实现直接电化学和生物传感。同时，具有丰富成分和结构的石墨烯衍生物为进一步调节其电化学性能提供了可能。这些基于石墨烯复合材料的生物传感器对葡萄糖检测显示出优异的灵敏度和选择性。

结论：基于石墨烯复合材料的电化学葡萄糖传感器受到广泛关注。尽管这些材料在提高灵敏度、降低检测限和拓宽线性范围方面取得了重大进展，但仍面临需要进一步研究的挑战。