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National Trends and Disparities in Hospitalization for Acute Hypertension Among Medicare Beneficiaries (1999–2019)
Circulation ( IF 35.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 , DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057056
Yuan Lu 1, 2 , Yun Wang 1, 3 , Erica S Spatz 1, 2 , Oyere Onuma 1, 2 , Khurram Nasir 4, 5 , Fatima Rodriguez 6 , Karol E Watson 7 , Harlan M Krumholz 1, 2, 8
Affiliation  

Background:In the past 2 decades, hypertension control in the US population has not improved and there are widening disparities. Little is known about progress in reducing hospitalizations for acute hypertension.Methods:We conducted serial cross-sectional analysis of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries age 65 years or older between 1999 and 2019 using Medicare denominator and inpatient files. We evaluated trends in national hospitalization rates for acute hypertension overall and by demographic and geographical subgroups. We identified all beneficiaries admitted with a primary discharge diagnosis of acute hypertension on the basis of International Classification of Diseases codes. We then used a mixed effects model with a Poisson link function and state-specific random intercepts, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and dual-eligible status, to evaluate trends in hospitalizations.Results:The sample consisted of 397 238 individual Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. From 1999 through 2019, the annual hospitalization rates for acute hypertension increased significantly, from 51.5 to 125.9 per 100 000 beneficiary-years; the absolute increase was most pronounced among the following subgroups: adults ≥85 years (66.8–274.1), females (64.9–160.1), Black people (144.4–369.5), and Medicare/Medicaid insured (dual-eligible, 93.1–270.0). Across all subgroups, Black adults had the highest hospitalization rate in 2019, and there was a significant increase in the differences in hospitalizations between Black and White people from 1999 to 2019. Marked geographic variation was also present, with the highest hospitalization rates in the South. Among patients hospitalized for acute hypertension, the observed 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality rates (95% CI) decreased from 2.6% (2.27–2.83) and 5.6% (5.18–5.99) to 1.7% (1.53–1.80) and 3.7% (3.45–3.84) and 30-day and 90-day all-cause readmission rates decreased from 15.7% (15.1–16.4) and 29.4% (28.6–30.2) to 11.8% (11.5–12.1) and 24.0% (23.5–24.6).Conclusions:Among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries age 65 years or older, hospitalization rates for acute hypertension increased substantially and significantly from 1999 to 2019. Black adults had the highest hospitalization rate in 2019 across age, sex, race and ethnicity, and dual-eligible strata. There was significant national variation, with the highest rates generally in the South.

中文翻译:

医疗保险受益人急性高血压住院的全国趋势和差异(1999-2019)

背景:在过去的 20 年中,美国人群的高血压控制并没有得到改善,而且差距越来越大。关于减少急性高血压住院的进展知之甚少。方法:我们使用医疗保险分母和住院档案,对 1999 年至 2019 年 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人进行了系列横断面分析。我们评估了全国急性高血压住院率的总体趋势以及人口和地理亚组。我们根据国际疾病分类代码确定了所有初次出院诊断为急性高血压的受益人。然后,我们使用具有泊松链接函数和特定州随机截距的混合效应模型,调整年龄、性别、种族和民族,和双重资格状态,以评估住院趋势。结果:样本包括 397 238 名个人医疗保险按服务收费受益人。从 1999 年到 2019 年,急性高血压的年住院率显着增加,从每 10 万受益人年 51.5 人增加到 125.9 人;绝对增长在以下亚组中最为明显:≥85 岁的成年人 (66.8–274.1)、女性 (64.9–160.1)、黑人 (144.4–369.5) 和医疗保险/医疗补助被保险人(双重资格,93.1–270.0) . 在所有亚组中,2019 年黑人成人的住院率最高,从 1999 年到 2019 年,黑人和白人之间的住院率差异显着增加。还存在明显的地理差异,南方的住院率最高. 在因急性高血压住院的患者中,观察到的 30 天和 90 天全因死亡率 (95% CI) 从 2.6% (2.27–2.83) 和 5.6% (5.18–5.99) 下降到 1.7% (1.53–1.80) ) 和 3.7% (3.45–3.84) 和 30 天和 90 天全因再入院率从 15.7% (15.1–16.4) 和 29.4% (28.6–30.2) 下降到 11.8% (11.5–12.1) 和 24.0% (23.5–24.6)。结论:在 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人中,急性高血压的住院率从 1999 年到 2019 年显着增加。黑人成人在 2019 年的住院率在年龄、性别、种族和民族,以及双重资格的阶层。全国差异显着,一般在南方最高。观察到的 30 天和 90 天全因死亡率 (95% CI) 从 2.6% (2.27–2.83) 和 5.6% (5.18–5.99) 下降到 1.7% (1.53–1.80) 和 3.7% (3.45– 3.84) 和 30 天和 90 天全因再入院率从 15.7% (15.1–16.4) 和 29.4% (28.6–30.2) 下降到 11.8% (11.5–12.1) 和 24.0% (23.5–24.6)。结论:在 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人中,急性高血压的住院率从 1999 年到 2019 年显着增加。黑人成人在 2019 年的住院率在年龄、性别、种族和民族以及双符合条件的阶层。全国差异显着,一般在南方最高。观察到的 30 天和 90 天全因死亡率 (95% CI) 从 2.6% (2.27–2.83) 和 5.6% (5.18–5.99) 下降到 1.7% (1.53–1.80) 和 3.7% (3.45– 3.84) 和 30 天和 90 天全因再入院率从 15.7% (15.1–16.4) 和 29.4% (28.6–30.2) 下降到 11.8% (11.5–12.1) 和 24.0% (23.5–24.6)。结论:在 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人中,急性高血压的住院率从 1999 年到 2019 年显着增加。黑人成人在 2019 年的住院率在年龄、性别、种族和民族以及双符合条件的阶层。全国差异显着,一般在南方最高。1-16.4) 和 29.4% (28.6-30.2) 到 11.8% (11.5-12.1) 和 24.0% (23.5-24.6)。结论:在 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人中,急性高血压的住院率从 1999 年到 2019 年显着增加。2019 年,黑人成人的住院率在年龄、性别、种族和民族以及双重资格阶层中最高。全国差异显着,一般在南方最高。1-16.4) 和 29.4% (28.6-30.2) 到 11.8% (11.5-12.1) 和 24.0% (23.5-24.6)。结论:在 65 岁或以上的医疗保险按服务收费受益人中,急性高血压的住院率从 1999 年到 2019 年显着增加。2019 年,黑人成人的住院率在年龄、性别、种族和民族以及双重资格阶层中最高。全国差异显着,一般在南方最高。
更新日期:2021-11-23
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