On the fate of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), a versatile probe to detect surface excitations: will the Phoenix rise again?,Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

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On the fate of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), a versatile probe to detect surface excitations: will the Phoenix rise again?
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-26 , DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03804d
Antonio Politano _{1,

2}

Affiliation

From its advent, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) has emerged as one of the most versatile tools in surface science. In the last few decades, HREELS was widely used for the fundamental study of (i) chemical reactions at the surfaces of model catalysts (mostly single crystals), (ii) lattice dynamics (phonons), (iii) surface plasmons and (iv) magnons. However, HREELS has experienced a continuous decay of the number of daily users worldwide so far, due to several factors. However, the rise of Dirac materials (graphene, topological insulators, Dirac semimetals) offers new perspectives for HREELS, due to its unique features enabling ultrasensitive detection of (i) chemical modifications at their surfaces, (ii) Kohn anomalies arising from electron–phonon coupling and (iii) novel plasmonic excitations associated to Dirac-cone fermions, as well as their eventual mutual interplay with other plasmon resonances related to topologically trivial electronic states. By selected case-study examples, here we show that HREELS can uniquely probe these phenomena in Dirac materials, thus validating its outstanding relevance and its irreplaceability in contemporary solid-state physics, thus paving the way for a renewed interest. In addition, recent technological upgrades enable the combination of HREELS as an add-on to photoemission apparatuses for parallel readout of energy and momentum of surface excitations. Open issues for theoretical modelling of HREELS related to the dependence on primary electron beam energy and scattering geometry are also critically presented.

中文翻译：

关于高分辨率电子能量损失光谱 (HREELS) 的命运，一种检测表面激发的多功能探针：凤凰会再次崛起吗？

自问世以来，高分辨率电子能量损失谱 (HREELS) 已成为表面科学中最通用的工具之一。在过去的几十年中，HREELS 被广泛用于 (i) 模型催化剂（主要是单晶）表面的化学反应、（ii）晶格动力学（声子）、（iii）表面等离子体和（iv）的基础研究磁子。然而，由于多种因素，到目前为止，HREELS 的全球每日用户数量一直在下降。然而，狄拉克材料（石墨烯、拓扑绝缘体、狄拉克半金属）的兴起为 HREELS 提供了新的视角，因为其独特的特性能够超灵敏地检测（i）其表面的化学修饰，(ii) 由电子-声子耦合引起的 Kohn 异常和 (iii) 与狄拉克锥费米子相关的新型等离子体激发，以及它们最终与其他与拓扑微不足道的电子态相关的等离子体共振的相互作用。通过选定的案例研究示例，我们在这里展示了 HREELS 可以独特地探测狄拉克材料中的这些现象，从而验证其在当代固态物理学中的突出相关性和不可替代性，从而为重新引起兴趣铺平了道路。此外，最近的技术升级使 HREELS 能够作为光电发射装置的附加组件，用于平行读出表面激发的能量和动量。

更新日期：2021-11-23

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