A series of model oligomers consisting of combinations of a traditional strong donor unit (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), a traditional strong acceptor unit (benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole), and the ambipolar unit thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine were synthesized via cross-coupling methods. The prepared oligomers include all six possible dimeric combinations in order to characterize the extent and nature of donor–acceptor effects commonly used in the design of conjugated materials, with particular focus on understanding how the inclusion of ambipolar units influences donor–acceptor frameworks. The full oligomeric series was thoroughly investigated via photophysical and electrochemical studies, in parallel with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in order to correlate the nature and extent of donor–acceptor effects on both frontier orbital energies and the desired narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The corresponding relationships revealed should then provide a deeper understanding of donor–acceptor interactions and their application to conjugated materials.

中文翻译：

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探索共轭材料中供体-受体效应的性质：模型共轭低聚物的联合实验和计算研究

一系列由传统强供体单元（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）、传统强受体单元（苯并[ c ][1,2,5]噻二唑）和双极性单元噻吩并[3, 4- b ]吡嗪通过交叉偶联方法合成。制备的低聚物包括所有六种可能的二聚体组合，以表征共轭材料设计中常用的供体-受体效应的程度和性质，特别关注了解包含双极单元如何影响供体-受体框架。完整的低聚物系列通过光物理和电化学研究，与密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算并行，以便将供体 - 受体效应对前线轨道能量和所需的 HOMO-LUMO 能隙缩小的性质和程度相关联。所揭示的对应关系应该可以更深入地了解供体 - 受体相互作用及其在共轭材料中的应用。