For each of all 156 largest earthquakes (M ≥ 7.5, depth < 300 km) worldwide in 1985–2020, we characterize the dynamics of the foreshock and aftershock sequences nearby their epicentres in terms of (1) seismic rate, N; (2) the Benioff strain release, Σ; (3) inter-event time, τ; (4) the Utsu estimate of the Gutenberg–Richter constant, b; and (5) the control parameter, η, of the Unified scaling law for earthquakes (USLE), i.e. a generalization of the Gutenberg–Richter relationship accounting for naturally fractal distribution of earthquake loci. Such a multi-parametric description of earthquake activity provides the quantitative evidence for better understanding seismic process in advance and after catastrophic phase transitions in dynamics of the hierarchically organized system of lithospheric blocks-and-faults. The study confirms the existence of the spatiotemporal patterns and different regimes of regional seismic energy release; in particular, the stability of the USLE control parameter levels that are interrupted by mid- or even short-term bursts of activity associated with major catastrophic events, as well as variability of seismic activity in advance and after the main shocks. Statistically, the results of the uniform analysis of series of the moderate earthquakes at locations of 97 thrust, 21 normal, and 38 strike-slip earthquakes do not support the presence of universality in seismic energy release, provide fundamental constraints on modelling realistic earthquake sequences by geophysicists, and, therefore, can be used to improve local time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard.

对于 1985-2020 年全球所有 156 次最大地震（M ≥ 7.5，深度 < 300 公里）中的每一次，我们根据 (1) 地震率N 来描述震中附近的前震和余震序列的动力学特征；(2)贝尼奥夫应变释放，Σ；(3) 事件间时间，τ；(4) Gutenberg-Richter 常数b的 Utsu 估计；(5) 控制参数，η, 地震统一标度定律 (USLE)，即解释地震轨迹自然分形分布的古腾堡-里希特关系的概括。这种对地震活动的多参数描述为更好地理解地震过程在灾难性相变之前和之后的岩石圈断块和断层分层组织系统的动力学提供了定量证据。该研究证实了区域地震能量释放的时空模式和不同机制的存在；特别是，USLE 控制参数水平的稳定性被与重大灾难性事件相关的中期甚至短期活动爆发以及主要冲击前后地震活动的可变性所中断。据统计，