Cancer therapy has made major progress in the past several decades, but treatments are often accompanied by significant side effects. Arrhythmias are a widespread complication of some antineoplastic drugs, with atrial fibrillation (AF) being the most often encountered drug-associated arrhythmia. Preexisting AF risk factors are commonly present in cancer patients who develop drug-associated AF, and active cancer itself may cause or promote AF. Although anticancer drugs may induce AF in cancer patients without AF risk factors, it appears that most drug-associated AF develop when cancer drugs add or aggravate precancer-existing and/or cancer-related pro-AF factors/alterations, additively or synergistically producing AF. Abnormalities in intracellular calcium activity seem to be involved in the generation of anticancer drug–induced AF. In cancer survivors with cancer therapy–induced cardiomyopathy, AF often occurs, with most of the arrhythmias likely to develop secondary to the cardiomyopathy. AF may lead to modification or even cessation of cancer therapy. The management of AF in patients with cancer is currently conducted largely based on pragmatic assumptions. This review briefly discusses AF caused by anticancer drugs and the underlying mechanisms.

癌症治疗在过去几十年中取得了重大进展，但治疗往往伴随着显着的副作用。心律失常是一些抗肿瘤药物的常见并发症，其中心房颤动（AF）是最常遇到的药物相关心律失常。先前存在的 AF 危险因素通常存在于发生药物相关 AF 的癌症患者中，并且活动性癌症本身可能导致或促进 AF。尽管抗癌药物可能在没有 AF 危险因素的癌症患者中诱发 AF，但大多数药物相关 AF 似乎是在癌症药物增加或加重癌前现有的和/或癌症相关的促 AF 因素/改变时发生的，累加或协同产生 AF 。细胞内钙活性的异常似乎与抗癌药物诱导的房颤的产生有关。在患有癌症治疗引起的心肌病的癌症幸存者中，经常发生房颤，大多数心律失常可能继发于心肌病。房颤可能导致癌症治疗的改变甚至停止。目前，癌症患者的房颤治疗主要基于务实的假设。本文简要讨论了抗癌药物引起的房颤及其潜在机制。