The doctor blade coating method is used to prepare dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dope the original titanium dioxide (TiO₂, P25) photoanode (PA) with single-layer graphene (G), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and gold (Au) nanoparticles in this research. The results show that doping PAs with G, GQDS, and Au effectively increases the short-circuit current density $(J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}})$, conversion efficiency $(\eta )$, and decreases the internal structure impedance $(R_k)$ of DSSCs. $J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$ increases from 13.62 to 17.02, 15.22, 16.05 mA/cm², while $\eta$ (%) increases from 6.36 to 7.50, 7.08, 7.04% when doping G, GQDs, and Au, respectively. The analysis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the doping decreases $R_k$ from 11.28 to 8.36, 8.78, 8.54 $\mathrm{\Omega }$, respectively. Then, the titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-doped G-GQDs, G-Au, and QDs-Au on DSSCs influence $J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$ that increases to 5.45, 15.37, and 15.31 mA/cm², respectively. In this case, the values of $\eta$ are found to be 7.21%, 7.35%, and 7.00%, while those of $R_k$ are 8.44, 8.63, and 9.18 $\mathrm{\Omega }$. The values of $J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$ and $\eta$ are highest but that of $R_k$ are lowest when doping with G, which proves that the photoanode of the DSSC effectively activates the photogenerated electrons in the film by doping single-layer graphene and TiO₂ captures its electrons through graphene. The decreasing electron–hole recombination rate allows the photogenerated electrons to be quickly transferred to the external circuit. As a result, the efficiency of DSSCs is improved.

采用刮刀涂布法制备染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs），并在原始二氧化钛（TiO ₂、P25）光阳极（PA）上掺杂单层石墨烯（G）、石墨烯量子点（GQDs）和本研究中的金 (Au) 纳米粒子。结果表明，用 G、GQDS 和 Au 掺杂 PAs 有效地增加了短路电流密度$(J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}})$, 转换效率 $(\eta )$, 并降低内部结构阻抗 $({\mathrm{电阻}}_{克})$ 的 DSSC。 $J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$从 13.62 增加到 17.02、15.22、16.05 mA/cm ²，而$\eta$(%) 在掺杂 G、GQD 和 Au 时分别从 6.36、7.08、7.04% 增加到 7.50、7.08、7.04%。电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 的分析表明掺杂减少${\mathrm{电阻}}_{克}$ 从 11.28 到 8.36、8.78、8.54 $\mathrm{\Omega }$， 分别。然后，二氧化钛 (TiO ₂ ) 掺杂的 G-GQDs、G-Au 和 QDs-Au 对 DSSCs 的影响$J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$分别增加到 5.45、15.37 和 15.31 mA/cm ²。在这种情况下，值$\eta$ 分别为 7.21%、7.35% 和 7.00%，而 ${\mathrm{电阻}}_{克}$ 是 8.44、8.63 和 9.18 $\mathrm{\Omega }$. 的价值$J_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$ 和 $\eta$ 是最高的，但 ${\mathrm{电阻}}_{克}$掺杂 G 时 最低，这证明 DSSC 的光阳极通过掺杂单层石墨烯有效地激活了薄膜中的光生电子，TiO ₂通过石墨烯捕获其电子。降低的电子-空穴复合率允许光生电子快速转移到外部电路。因此，提高了 DSSC 的效率。