The scarcity of irrigation water has now become the main constraint for crop production globally. Potato growth in arid and semiarid regions is facing increasing challenges due to water deficit. Potato productivity is generally influenced by water and fertilizer, and the requirements for these factors vary depending on the soil type and potato variety. Field experiments were conducted during 2019–2020 to select the suitable potato varieties with the best combination of irrigation and fertilization levels. The three irrigation amounts were W1 (100% crop evapotranspiration (ET_C)), W2 (80% ET_C) and W3 (60% ET_C). The three fertilizer rates were F1 (N–P₂O₅–K₂O, 240–120–300 kg ha⁻¹), F2 (180–90–225 kg ha⁻¹) and F3 (120–60–150 kg ha⁻¹). The three locally cultivated potato varieties were V1 (Feiurita), V2 (Xiapoti), and V3 (Yushu 4). The results showed that irrigation amount, fertilizer amount and potato variety had significant effects on potato growth, yield, quality and water and fertilizer productivity. The average potato yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in Feiurita were 12.5% (11.9%) and 14.2% (13.3%) higher than those in Xiapoti in 2019 (2020), respectively. On average, the tuber yield and partial factor productivity (PFP) in W1 were 27.8% (35%) and 26.8% (34.7%) higher than those in W3 in 2019 (2020), respectively. Tuber yield, IWUE and polyphenol oxidase activity (POA) were most subject to irrigation amount, followed by potato variety and fertilizer rate. Potato tuber yield was significantly correlated with soil available potassium, soil actinomycete quantity, soil catalase activity, and soil sucrase activity (SSA). The W2F3V1 treatment had the highest PFP, starch content, reducing sugar content, and vitamin C content (VC), and the tuber yield and crude protein content were relatively high. The W3F2V1 treatment had the highest IWUE and vitamin C, and the starch content and POA were relatively high. Among them, the soil actinomycete quantity, soil cellulose decomposition bacteria quantity (SCDBQ), soil catalase activity, soil urease activity (SUA), and SSA in the W2F3V1 and W3F2V1 treatments were moderate. The W2F3V1 and W3F2V1 treatments are recommended as the best water and fertilizer management in sandy loam soils in Northwest China.

灌溉用水短缺现已成为全球作物生产的主要制约因素。由于缺水，干旱和半干旱地区的马铃薯生长正面临越来越大的挑战。马铃薯生产力一般受水和肥的影响，对这些因素的要求因土壤类型和马铃薯品种而异。在 2019-2020 年期间进行了田间试验，以选择灌溉和施肥水平最佳组合的合适马铃薯品种。三个灌溉量是 W1（100% 作物蒸散量 (ET _C )）、W2（80% ET _C）和 W3（60% ET _C）。三种施肥量分别为 F1 (N–P ₂ O ₅ –K ₂ O, 240–120–300 kg ha⁻¹ )、F2 (180–90–225 kg ha ⁻¹ ) 和 F3 (120–60–150 kg ha ⁻¹）。本地栽培的三个马铃薯品种是V1（飞利达）、V2（夏坡提）和V3（玉树4号）。结果表明，灌溉量、施肥量和马铃薯品种对马铃薯的生长、产量、品质和水肥生产率有显着影响。2019年（2020年），费乌里塔马铃薯平均产量和灌溉用水效率（IWUE）分别比夏坡提高12.5%（11.9%）和14.2%（13.3%）。平均而言，2019年（2020年）W1的块茎产量和部分要素生产率（PFP）分别比W3高27.8%（35%）和26.8%（34.7%）。块茎产量、IWUE 和多酚氧化酶活性（POA）受灌溉量影响最大，其次是马铃薯品种和施肥量。马铃薯块茎产量与土壤速效钾显着相关，土壤放线菌数量、土壤过氧化氢酶活性和土壤蔗糖酶活性 (SSA)。W2F3V1处理的PFP、淀粉含量、还原糖含量和维生素C含量（VC）最高，块茎产量和粗蛋白含量较高。W3F2V1处理的IWUE和维生素C最高，淀粉含量和POA相对较高。其中，W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理土壤放线菌数量、土壤纤维素分解菌数量（SCDBQ）、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性（SUA）、SSA均中等。W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理被推荐为西北地区沙壤土最佳水肥管理。和维生素C含量（VC），块茎产量和粗蛋白含量较高。W3F2V1处理的IWUE和维生素C最高，淀粉含量和POA相对较高。其中，W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理土壤放线菌数量、土壤纤维素分解菌数量（SCDBQ）、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性（SUA）、SSA均中等。W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理被推荐为西北地区沙壤土最佳水肥管理。和维生素C含量（VC），块茎产量和粗蛋白含量较高。W3F2V1处理的IWUE和维生素C最高，淀粉含量和POA相对较高。其中，W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理土壤放线菌数量、土壤纤维素分解菌数量（SCDBQ）、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性（SUA）、SSA均中等。W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理被推荐为西北地区沙壤土最佳水肥管理。W2F3V1 和 W3F2V1 处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性 (SUA) 和 SSA 是中等的。W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理被推荐为西北地区沙壤土最佳水肥管理。W2F3V1 和 W3F2V1 处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性 (SUA) 和 SSA 是中等的。W2F3V1和W3F2V1处理被推荐为西北地区沙壤土最佳水肥管理。