The Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) is characterized by significant interannual variability in sea surface temperature (SST), which is phase-locked to the boreal spring. In this study, the phase-locking of TNA is investigated by adopting a linear stochastic-dynamical model (SDM) using seasonally modulated TNA feedbacks together with the seasonal modulation of ENSO forcing. In the observations, the role of local TNA feedbacks and ENSO forcing in TNA phase-locking are equivalently important with both preferring the peak of TNA variability to appear in the boreal spring. Besides, the seasonal modulation of TNA feedbacks and ENSO forcing strength are both mainly controlled by thermodynamic processes. In most climate models, the contribution of ENSO on TNA phase-locking is weaker than that in observations. The strength of ENSO-related TNA phase-locking is highly correlated with the relationship between ENSO and TNA, which is mainly determined by the amplitude of ENSO and its teleconnection patterns.

中文翻译：

---

热带北大西洋的锁相与ENSO的贡献

热带北大西洋 (TNA) 的特点是海面温度 (SST) 的显着年际变化，与北冰洋的相位锁定。在这项研究中，通过采用线性随机动力学模型 (SDM)，使用季节性调制的 TNA 反馈以及 ENSO 强迫的季节性调制来研究 TNA 的锁相。在观察中，局部 TNA 反馈和 ENSO 强迫在 TNA 锁相中的作用同样重要，两者都更喜欢 TNA 变异性的峰值出现在北方弹簧中。此外，TNA 反馈的季节性调制和 ENSO 强迫强度均主要受热力学过程控制。在大多数气候模式中，ENSO 对 TNA 锁相的贡献弱于观测。