Tungsten carbide reinforced iron-based metal-matrix (WC-Fe) composite coatings, for the first time, have been fabricated on carbon steel substrate by the laser wire cladding with a novel type of Fe-based tubular cored wire. The processing characteristics have been systematically investigated by cladding of single tracks at varying operating parameters. In order to guide the actual production and predict the influence of different parameters on the typical processing characteristics in terms of wire stubbing transfer, wire plunging transfer, and liquid spreading transfer mode, a process window has been established. The experimental results show that the unmelted defects can be found in the coatings produced in the stubbing transfer mode, while most of the coatings obtained in the liquid spreading transfer mode have a high dilution degree (>13 %) and a low content of retained particles (<15 %). Only the coatings fabricated in the wire plunging transfer mode possess a low dilution ratio (<13 %) and a high volume fraction of retained particles (15–26 %). The microstructural evolution in these coatings have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The ex-situ tungsten carbide particles are partially dissolved and interact with the matrix in the molten pool, resulting in the M₆C (Fe₃W₃C) reaction layer around the retained particles. The faceted M₆C carbides and the herringbone eutectic M₆C carbides are found to be the primary precipitations in the coatings, combined with the presence of retained particles, the wear resistance of the WC-Fe coatings is significantly improved.

碳化钨增强铁基金属基（WC-Fe）复合涂层首次在碳钢基体上通过激光包覆新型铁基管芯焊丝制备而成。通过在不同的操作参数下对单个轨道进行包覆，已经系统地研究了处理特性。为了指导实际生产和预测不同参数对线材打桩传输、线材插入式传输和液体铺展传输方式等典型加工特性的影响，建立了工艺窗口。实验结果表明，在短接转移模式下产生的涂层中可以发现未熔化的缺陷，而在液体扩散转移模式下获得的涂层大部分具有较高的稀释度（> 13 %) 和低含量的残留颗粒 (<15 %)。只有在金属丝插入转移模式下制造的涂层具有低稀释率 (<13%) 和高体积分数的保留颗粒 (15-26%)。这些涂层的微观结构演变已经通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和电子背散射衍射 (EBSD) 进行了研究。异位碳化钨颗粒部分溶解并与熔池中的基体相互作用，导致 M 扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和电子背散射衍射 (EBSD)。异位碳化钨颗粒部分溶解并与熔池中的基体相互作用，导致 M 扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和电子背散射衍射 (EBSD)。异位碳化钨颗粒部分溶解并与熔池中的基体相互作用，导致 M₆ C (Fe ₃ W ₃ C) 反应层围绕保留的颗粒。发现刻面M ₆ C碳化物和人字形共晶M ₆ C碳化物是涂层中的主要析出物，结合残留颗粒的存在，WC-Fe涂层的耐磨性得到显着提高。